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Python
Language core, the standard library, concurrency and typing
19 topics 6 sections Python 3.14 beginner → intermediate
recommended path Python from zero
milestone 1 of 5 0 of 26 done
Continue: Python fundamentals →
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01 · Basics
7 topics Control flow Use branches, iteration, loop control, and structural pattern matching precisely while avoiding nontermination and misleading truth tests. beginner 16 min Functions Functions bind inputs to parameters, run code in a local scope, and return results; clear call conventions turn that behavior into a stable interface. beginner 18 min List comprehensions List comprehensions express iterable transformation and filtering in one expression; learn clause order, scope, evaluation, and when a loop is clearer. beginner 17 min Python fundamentals Understand how Python binds names to objects and builds programs from control flow, functions, exceptions, and modules. beginner 16 min Sets Model unique members, membership, and set algebra with hashable values while avoiding unstable order, input mutation, and equality surprises. beginner 15 min Tuples Use tuples for fixed-shape data, with precise rules for packing, unpacking, shallow immutability, hashing, and named records. beginner 16 min Variables and data types Learn how Python names bind to objects, then handle built-in types, truth values, conversion, aliases, mutability, and annotations correctly. beginner 16 min
02 · Functions in depth
10 topics *args and **kwargs Collect, unpack, and forward variable arguments without hiding a function's contract or accepting misspelled options. intermediate 16 min Closures Closures let functions retain access to enclosing bindings; understand cells, nonlocal, and late binding to keep state and callbacks correct. intermediate 16 min Context managers Context managers bind resource acquisition and required cleanup to a with block, including exception flow, generator wrappers, dynamic stacks, and async release. intermediate 16 min Decorators Decorators replace function or class bindings at definition time; preserve contracts across wrapping, stacking, metadata, typing, and async code. intermediate 16 min functools Use functools to bind call arguments, preserve wrapper metadata, reduce iterables, and adapt comparison protocols without breaking interface contracts. intermediate 15 min Generators and iterators Understand Python's iteration protocol, lazy execution, yield, generator delegation, and resource cleanup to build predictable single-pass data flows. intermediate 15 min lru_cache function caching Cache repeatable calls with functools while handling keys, eviction, invalidation, duplicate concurrent work, and object lifetimes correctly. intermediate 17 min map, filter and reduce Transform, select, and reduce Python iterables while handling lazy evaluation, empty inputs, and mismatched input lengths correctly. intermediate 18 min Scope and namespaces Scope controls where names are visible, while namespaces hold bindings; learn LEGB, global, nonlocal, and Python's special scope boundaries. intermediate 15 min Single-dispatch generic functions singledispatch selects an implementation by the first argument's runtime type; use registration, inheritance, ABCs, and method dispatch safely. intermediate 17 min