# CodeWiki > A bilingual (English and Chinese) programming reference and course. Every topic below links to its Markdown twin: the same article as plain Markdown, at the page URL with a .md extension instead of a trailing slash. ## Tracks ### Python - [*args and **kwargs](https://codewiki.com/python/args-kwargs.md): Collect, unpack, and forward variable arguments without hiding a function's contract or accepting misspelled options. - [asyncio](https://codewiki.com/python/asyncio.md): Organize I/O with coroutines, tasks, and structured concurrency while handling timeouts, cancellation, blocking calls, and concurrency limits. - [Closures](https://codewiki.com/python/closures.md): Closures let functions retain access to enclosing bindings; understand cells, nonlocal, and late binding to keep state and callbacks correct. - [Context managers](https://codewiki.com/python/context-managers.md): Context managers bind resource acquisition and required cleanup to a with block, including exception flow, generator wrappers, dynamic stacks, and async release. - [Control flow](https://codewiki.com/python/control-flow.md): Use branches, iteration, loop control, and structural pattern matching precisely while avoiding nontermination and misleading truth tests. - [Shallow and deep copy](https://codewiki.com/python/copy.md): How Python copies object graphs, preserves shared references, handles cycles, and supports field replacement. - [Decorators](https://codewiki.com/python/decorators.md): Decorators replace function or class bindings at definition time; preserve contracts across wrapping, stacking, metadata, typing, and async code. - [Functions](https://codewiki.com/python/functions.md): Functions bind inputs to parameters, run code in a local scope, and return results; clear call conventions turn that behavior into a stable interface. - [functools](https://codewiki.com/python/functools.md): Use functools to bind call arguments, preserve wrapper metadata, reduce iterables, and adapt comparison protocols without breaking interface contracts. - [Generators and iterators](https://codewiki.com/python/generators-iterators.md): Understand Python's iteration protocol, lazy execution, yield, generator delegation, and resource cleanup to build predictable single-pass data flows. - [List comprehensions](https://codewiki.com/python/list-comprehensions.md): List comprehensions express iterable transformation and filtering in one expression; learn clause order, scope, evaluation, and when a loop is clearer. - [lru_cache function caching](https://codewiki.com/python/lru-cache.md): Cache repeatable calls with functools while handling keys, eviction, invalidation, duplicate concurrent work, and object lifetimes correctly. - [map, filter and reduce](https://codewiki.com/python/map-filter-reduce.md): Transform, select, and reduce Python iterables while handling lazy evaluation, empty inputs, and mismatched input lengths correctly. - [Python fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/python/python-fundamentals.md): Understand how Python binds names to objects and builds programs from control flow, functions, exceptions, and modules. - [Scope and namespaces](https://codewiki.com/python/scope-namespaces.md): Scope controls where names are visible, while namespaces hold bindings; learn LEGB, global, nonlocal, and Python's special scope boundaries. - [Sets](https://codewiki.com/python/sets.md): Model unique members, membership, and set algebra with hashable values while avoiding unstable order, input mutation, and equality surprises. - [Single-dispatch generic functions](https://codewiki.com/python/singledispatch.md): singledispatch selects an implementation by the first argument's runtime type; use registration, inheritance, ABCs, and method dispatch safely. - [Tuples](https://codewiki.com/python/tuples.md): Use tuples for fixed-shape data, with precise rules for packing, unpacking, shallow immutability, hashing, and named records. - [Variables and data types](https://codewiki.com/python/variables-data-types.md): Learn how Python names bind to objects, then handle built-in types, truth values, conversion, aliases, mutability, and annotations correctly. ### JavaScript - [Array methods](https://codewiki.com/javascript/array-methods.md): Choose array methods by return value and mutation behavior, without getting caught by sorting, sparse arrays, shallow copies, or async callbacks. - [Arrow functions](https://codewiki.com/javascript/arrow-functions.md): Arrow functions create compact function expressions and inherit this and related bindings; learn their return rules, call semantics, and callback identity. - [call, apply and bind](https://codewiki.com/javascript/call-apply-bind.md): Distinguish call, apply, and bind by timing, argument form, and binding behavior, including callback identity, array-like inputs, and construction. - [Classes](https://codewiki.com/javascript/classes.md): Learn how JavaScript classes construct objects, share prototype methods, define fields, and inherit, including the initialization traps that break real code. - [Closures](https://codewiki.com/javascript/closures.md): Closures let functions keep access to their lexical environment; understand shared bindings, loop variables, and callback lifetimes to use them reliably. - [Currying and function composition](https://codewiki.com/javascript/currying-composition.md): Currying fixes arguments in stages; function composition connects unary transformations while making arity, this, and async boundaries explicit. - [Data types](https://codewiki.com/javascript/data-types.md): Understand JavaScript's seven primitive types, objects, runtime type checks, and coercion without losing valid 0, false, or empty strings at boundaries. - [Date](https://codewiki.com/javascript/date-object.md): JavaScript's mutable representation of an instant, with precise rules for parsing, UTC and local views, formatting, arithmetic, and validation. - [Destructuring assignment](https://codewiki.com/javascript/destructuring.md): Destructuring binds values from iterables and object properties, with precise rules for defaults, nesting, rest elements, and shallow copies. - [Error handling](https://codewiki.com/javascript/error-handling.md): How JavaScript exceptions cross synchronous and Promise boundaries, with precise recovery, cleanup, wrapping, and aggregation. - [Modern JavaScript features](https://codewiki.com/javascript/es6-features.md): A practical map of JavaScript from ES2015 onward: bindings, concise data operations, iteration, async flow, and compatibility boundaries. - [The event loop](https://codewiki.com/javascript/event-loop.md): How JavaScript decides what runs next: the call stack, task queues, microtasks, I/O phases, and cooperative yielding. - [Functions](https://codewiki.com/javascript/functions.md): Understand function objects, declaration timing, parameter binding, returns, and higher-order calls to write clear, testable JavaScript contracts. - [JavaScript fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/javascript/fundamentals.md): Understand JavaScript declarations, values, coercion, comparison, and control flow through the model behind ordinary code. - [Iterators and generators](https://codewiki.com/javascript/iterators-generators.md): Unify traversal with iteration protocols, produce values on demand with generators, and handle one-shot state, messaging, and early cleanup. - [JSON](https://codewiki.com/javascript/json.md): Understand the boundary between JSON text and JavaScript values, use parsing and serialization hooks correctly, and catch precision, type, and security traps. - [Map and Set](https://codewiki.com/javascript/map-set.md): JavaScript's keyed and unique-value collections, including equality, insertion order, modern set operations, and weak-collection boundaries. - [Math object](https://codewiki.com/javascript/math-object.md): Math supplies rounding, powers, roots, trigonometry, extrema, and pseudorandom values; explicit numeric contracts prevent precision and security bugs. - [Memory management](https://codewiki.com/javascript/memory-management.md): Use reachability to understand garbage collection, remove accidental retention, bound caches, and use weak collections and finalizers safely. - [Modules](https://codewiki.com/javascript/modules.md): JavaScript modules define dependency boundaries; master static imports, live bindings, dynamic imports, cycles, and Node 24 resolution. - [Object static methods](https://codewiki.com/javascript/object-methods.md): Use JavaScript Object methods precisely for own-property enumeration, shallow copying, descriptors, and integrity levels. - [Objects and prototypes](https://codewiki.com/javascript/objects-prototypes.md): Understand object identity, own properties, descriptors, prototype lookup, and the mechanics behind constructors and classes in JavaScript. - [Private fields](https://codewiki.com/javascript/private-fields.md): Use # private fields, methods, and brand checks to encapsulate class state without breaking inheritance, proxies, serialization, or callbacks. - [Proxy and Reflect](https://codewiki.com/javascript/proxy-reflect.md): Proxy intercepts fundamental object operations while Reflect preserves their default semantics; use traps, receivers, and invariants without breaking objects. - [Regular expressions](https://codewiki.com/javascript/regexp.md): Match, capture, and transform text with JavaScript regular expressions while handling Unicode, stateful matching, dynamic input, and backtracking safely. - [String methods](https://codewiki.com/javascript/string-methods.md): Understand immutable strings, UTF-16 indexing, search, replacement, and locale rules so JavaScript handles real text boundaries correctly. - [Symbol](https://codewiki.com/javascript/symbol.md): Symbols are primitive values with unique identity, used for collision-free object extensions and built-in JavaScript protocol hooks. - [this binding](https://codewiki.com/javascript/this-binding.md): JavaScript chooses this from the call form; understand methods, explicit binding, arrows, and construction to keep callbacks and refactors correct. - [Typed arrays and ArrayBuffer](https://codewiki.com/javascript/typed-arrays.md): Typed arrays read compact binary data through ArrayBuffer; understand views, byte order, copies, and resizing to parse protocols and files correctly. - [WeakMap and WeakSet](https://codewiki.com/javascript/weakmap-weakset.md): Attach metadata and membership to object lifetimes while understanding reachability, identity, non-enumerability, and garbage collection. ### TypeScript - [Advanced types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/advanced-types.md): Compose conditional, mapped, indexed-access, template-literal, and recursive types without confusing compile-time guarantees with runtime checks. - [Basic types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/basics.md): Understand how TypeScript describes JavaScript values, infers and narrows types, and stops at runtime data boundaries. - [Branded types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/branded-types.md): Distinguish structurally identical values and connect runtime validation, assertions, and trust boundaries in an auditable contract. - [Declaration files](https://codewiki.com/typescript/declaration-files.md): Declaration files give existing JavaScript APIs static types; learn module boundaries, resolution, declaration emit, and tests that keep types honest. - [Enums](https://codewiki.com/typescript/enums.md): Enums bring named constants into both the type system and runtime; learn their output, validation boundaries, and alternatives. - [Generics](https://codewiki.com/typescript/generics.md): Use type parameters to preserve relationships across inputs, outputs, and containers without claiming more than runtime code proves. - [Literal types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/literal-types.md): Model closed states with exact values, and understand widening, as const, satisfies, discriminated unions, and runtime validation. - [satisfies operator](https://codewiki.com/typescript/satisfies.md): Check that expressions meet TypeScript contracts without discarding useful inference, and avoid mistaking the check for runtime validation. - [Strict mode](https://codewiki.com/typescript/strict-mode.md): Strict mode exposes unsafe assumptions about nulls, callbacks, class fields, iterators, and untyped code before JavaScript runs. - [Type coverage](https://codewiki.com/typescript/type-coverage.md): Type coverage measures identifiers that escape to any; learn its limits, strict counting, boundary validation, and stable CI gates. - [Type guards](https://codewiki.com/typescript/type-guards.md): Narrow unions and unknown values with runtime evidence, then write trustworthy custom predicates and assertion functions. - [Type inference](https://codewiki.com/typescript/type-inference.md): Understand how TypeScript infers types from initializers, context, and generic arguments, and where explicit contracts keep that inference honest. - [Type narrowing](https://codewiki.com/typescript/type-narrowing.md): How TypeScript narrows unions and unknown through control flow, with exhaustive branches, honest predicates, and stable local bindings. - [Union and intersection types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/union-intersection.md): Model alternatives with unions, combine constraints with intersections, and keep compositions safe through narrowing, discriminants, and never checks. - [Utility types](https://codewiki.com/typescript/utility-types.md): Derive contracts with Partial, Pick, Omit, Record, and function utilities without confusing shallow types for runtime behavior. ### Go - [defer, panic and recover](https://codewiki.com/go/defer-panic-recover.md): Understand defer evaluation and ordering, panic unwinding, and recover's strict boundaries without skipping cleanup or hiding failures. - [Error handling](https://codewiki.com/go/error-handling.md): How Go treats errors as values, preserves causes through wrapping, and exposes stable failure contracts without string matching. - [Error wrapping](https://codewiki.com/go/error-wrapping.md): Go error wrapping adds context without sacrificing the error identities, types, and fields that callers inspect with errors.Is and errors.As. - [Go fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/go/fundamentals.md): How packages, declarations, types, functions, and control flow turn Go source files into programs, with the scope and string rules beginners often miss. - [Generics](https://codewiki.com/go/generics.md): Use type parameters, constraints, and type sets to write reusable, type-safe Go, without common named-type, inference, and method mistakes. - [Interfaces](https://codewiki.com/go/interfaces.md): Go interfaces describe behavior with method sets; understand implicit satisfaction, method sets, interface values, and typed nils to design reliable boundaries. - [Maps](https://codewiki.com/go/maps.md): Go maps index values by key; comparability, zero values, sharing, unordered iteration, and concurrency boundaries determine whether their use is correct. - [Methods](https://codewiki.com/go/methods.md): Go methods attach behavior to defined types; receiver semantics, method sets, method values, and promotion determine correct APIs and state changes. - [Reflection](https://codewiki.com/go/reflect.md): Inspect types and values at runtime with Go's reflect package; handle kinds, settable values, struct tags, nils, and dynamic calls without panics. - [reflect.Type and reflect.Value](https://codewiki.com/go/reflection.md): Go reflection inspects types and values at runtime; understand Type, Value, Kind, settability, and nil boundaries to write safe dynamic code. - [Slices](https://codewiki.com/go/slices.md): Slices are Go's dynamic views over contiguous elements; understanding length, capacity, backing arrays, and append prevents subtle sharing bugs. - [Structs](https://codewiki.com/go/structs.md): Go structs group related fields into values; zero values, copying, comparability, embedding, and tags determine whether that value behaves as intended. - [Constraints and type sets](https://codewiki.com/go/type-parameters.md): Understand Go type-parameter declarations, constraints, type sets, and inference, including named types, generic methods, and comparable edge cases. ### Rust - [Borrowing rules](https://codewiki.com/rust/borrowing-rules.md): How shared and mutable references access values without taking ownership, why borrows conflict, and how to resolve borrow-checker errors. - [Box, Rc and Arc](https://codewiki.com/rust/box-rc-arc.md): How Rust's Box, Rc, Arc, and Weak model heap ownership, shared ownership, thread-safe sharing, mutation, and non-owning links. - [Closures](https://codewiki.com/rust/closures.md): Learn how Rust closures capture their environment, acquire Fn traits, and express ownership in generics, return values, threads, and dynamic dispatch. - [Collections](https://codewiki.com/rust/collections.md): Choose Rust's standard collections by ordering, uniqueness, lookup, and range semantics, then handle ownership, Entry, and iteration correctly. - [Iterators](https://codewiki.com/rust/iterators.md): Understand Rust iterator ownership, lazy adapters, short-circuiting, error propagation, and the contract of a custom Iterator. - [Lifetime elision and annotations](https://codewiki.com/rust/lifetime-annotations.md): Express relationships among references precisely with lifetime parameters, elision, borrowed structs, 'static, and higher-ranked bounds. - [Lifetimes](https://codewiki.com/rust/lifetimes.md): Lifetimes describe where references remain valid; understand inference, annotations, elision, 'static, and higher-ranked bounds to design precise borrowed APIs. - [Modules and crates](https://codewiki.com/rust/modules-crates.md): Distinguish Cargo packages, crates, and modules, then use paths, visibility, and re-exports to design a stable Rust API. - [Ownership](https://codewiki.com/rust/ownership.md): Rust uses ownership, moves, copies, and deterministic destruction to govern resources; learn when values transfer, borrow, and drop. - [Moves, partial moves and drops](https://codewiki.com/rust/ownership-rules.md): Track moves, copies, borrows, partial moves, and drops so each Rust value has one clear owner at every program point. - [Pattern matching](https://codewiki.com/rust/pattern-matching.md): Use exhaustive matches, destructuring, guards, and binding patterns while avoiding hidden wildcard cases and accidental moves. - [Pin and Unpin](https://codewiki.com/rust/pin.md): Pin establishes a no-move contract for address-sensitive values; Unpin determines when that restriction can be safely removed. - [Cell and RefCell](https://codewiki.com/rust/refcell-cell.md): Use Cell value replacement and RefCell runtime borrowing to model interior mutability without hiding borrow conflicts or thread boundaries. - [Smart pointers](https://codewiki.com/rust/smart-pointers.md): Rust smart pointers combine indirection with ownership, sharing, and destruction; understand the real boundaries of Deref, Drop, and wrappers. - [Strings](https://codewiki.com/rust/strings.md): Understand String and str ownership, UTF-8 byte boundaries, Unicode text units, and when a string API should borrow or allocate. ### Java - [Annotations](https://codewiki.com/java/annotations.md): Attach structured metadata to Java declarations and type uses, then consume it correctly through compiler checks, processing, or reflection. - [Data types](https://codewiki.com/java/data-types.md): The boundaries between Java primitives and references, conversion and boxing rules, and type mistakes that break production code. - [Exceptions](https://codewiki.com/java/exceptions.md): How Java exceptions propagate, where checked and unchecked failures belong, how resources close, and which failure-handling bugs generated code introduces. - [Java language fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/java/fundamentals.md): Understand program structure, variable scope, expression evaluation, and control flow in Java 25 without common short-circuit and boundary bugs. - [Generics](https://codewiki.com/java/generics.md): Java generics express type relationships across an API; understand bounds, wildcards, and erasure to design flexible, type-safe interfaces. - [Inner classes](https://codewiki.com/java/inner-classes.md): Distinguish nested and inner classes, understand enclosing instances, local capture, and anonymous classes, and avoid lifecycle and semantic bugs. - [Interfaces](https://codewiki.com/java/interfaces.md): Java interfaces define replaceable behavior contracts; learn member rules, default-method conflicts, functional interfaces, and safe API evolution. - [Java 17 features](https://codewiki.com/java/java17-features.md): The stable language features available at the Java 17 source level, with runnable examples and migration boundaries that prevent version drift. - [Java 21 features](https://codewiki.com/java/java21-features.md): Java 21's stable language and concurrency features, its preview boundary, and the version drift to catch when reviewing old examples on Java 25. - [Object-oriented programming](https://codewiki.com/java/oop.md): Java objects organize state and behavior behind explicit boundaries; learn invariants, dynamic dispatch, substitutability, and composition. - [Records](https://codewiki.com/java/records.md): Model transparent data carriers with records, including derived members, compact constructors, shallow immutability, and record-pattern boundaries. - [Reflection](https://codewiki.com/java/reflection.md): Inspect runtime types and invoke members in Java 25 while handling exact lookup, module access, exception wrapping, and dynamic proxies correctly. - [Sealed classes](https://codewiki.com/java/sealed-classes.md): Model closed type hierarchies with sealed, permits, and exhaustive pattern switches while handling extension, modules, and API evolution correctly. - [Strings](https://codewiki.com/java/strings.md): Java String value semantics, UTF-16 indexing, pooling, comparison, Unicode boundaries, encoding, and efficient construction. - [Type erasure](https://codewiki.com/java/type-erasure.md): Understand how Java generics become executable JVM types, and where type tokens, bridge methods, heap pollution, and runtime checks meet their limits. - [Wildcards and PECS](https://codewiki.com/java/wildcards-pecs.md): Java wildcards define safe read and write capabilities at generic API boundaries; use PECS, capture helpers, and named type parameters without unsafe casts. ### Kotlin - [Collections](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/collections.md): Kotlin's core collection types, mutation boundaries, operation pipelines, and lazy sequences, including aliasing and key-collision traps. - [Data classes](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/data-classes.md): Define data-class value semantics, understand generated equality, destructuring, and shallow copies, and avoid mutable-key, array, and secret-field traps. - [Delegated properties](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/delegated-properties.md): Move Kotlin getter and setter logic into reusable delegates, with precise guidance for lazy, observable, custom delegates, shared state, and thread safety. - [DSLs](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/dsl.md): Design Kotlin internal DSLs with lambdas with receivers, type-safe builders, explicit scope control, and verifiable result boundaries. - [Extensions](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/extensions.md): Add functions and computed properties to existing types with receiver syntax, then reason about static resolution, member precedence, nullability, and scope. - [Kotlin fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/fundamentals.md): Learn Kotlin's read-only references, static types, null safety, expressions, control flow, and function-call boundaries. - [Inline value classes](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/inline-classes.md): Model single-value domain types with `@JvmInline value class`, including JVM representation, boxing boundaries, validation, and Java interop. - [Lambda expressions](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/lambdas.md): Lambda expressions turn behavior into statically typed values; learn function types, capture, receivers, return control, and JVM boundaries. - [Null safety](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/null-safety.md): Model missing values with nullable types, smart casts, safe calls, and Elvis, then keep NPEs out of Java and generated-code boundaries. - [Object-oriented programming](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/oop.md): Build clear object boundaries with classes, interfaces, inheritance, and composition; understand Kotlin's final defaults, dispatch, and construction order. - [Scope functions](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/scope-functions.md): Choose among Kotlin's let, run, with, apply, and also by receiver and return value, without nullable, nested-receiver, or chain-type mistakes. - [Sealed classes and interfaces](https://codewiki.com/kotlin/sealed-classes.md): Model finite states with restricted hierarchies, use exhaustive when to catch new cases, and choose correctly among sealed classes, interfaces, and enums. ### C++ - [C-style arrays](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-arrays.md): Built-in C++23 arrays, including bounds, initialization, pointer conversion, multidimensional layout, lifetime, and safer standard-library alternatives. - [C fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-basics.md): Start with translation units, types, and expressions, then learn C23 control flow, functions, error boundaries, conversions, and undefined behavior. - [C file I/O](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-file-io.md): Open, read, write, and seek files reliably with C23 stdio streams while handling EOF, short counts, buffering, and close errors. - [C function pointers](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-function-pointers.md): C23 function-pointer declarations, compatible types, callback context, and dispatch tables, including the casts and lifetime bugs to avoid. - [C dynamic memory management](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-memory.md): Manage sizes, ownership, and lifetimes with C23 allocation functions, using verifiable cleanup paths to prevent leaks, overflows, and use-after-free. - [C pointers](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-pointers.md): C pointers store object addresses; understand types, dereferencing, array bounds, lifetimes, and qualifiers to build contracts you can verify. - [C preprocessor](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-preprocessor.md): The C preprocessor expands macros, includes headers, and selects code before compilation; learn token replacement, configuration boundaries, and verifiable macros. - [C structs, unions and enums](https://codewiki.com/cpp/c-structs-unions.md): Model records with structs, reuse storage with unions, and tag states with enums while keeping layout, copying, and active-member rules explicit. - [Classes](https://codewiki.com/cpp/classes.md): C++ classes package state and behavior into user-defined types; learn access control, construction, invariants, and compiler-generated special members. - [Exceptions](https://codewiki.com/cpp/exceptions.md): C++ exceptions separate error detection from handling; learn type matching, stack unwinding, RAII, safety guarantees, and truthful noexcept boundaries. - [Inheritance](https://codewiki.com/cpp/inheritance.md): C++ inheritance embeds a base subobject in a derived class and creates a substitutable type relationship; learn access, slicing, and virtual bases. - [Move semantics](https://codewiki.com/cpp/move-semantics.md): C++ move semantics through rvalue references, std::move, move operations, moved-from states, and noexcept-aware container behavior. - [Namespaces](https://codewiki.com/cpp/namespaces.md): C++ namespaces organize names into scopes; understand qualified lookup, using declarations, ADL, and linkage boundaries to keep library APIs predictable. - [Operator overloading](https://codewiki.com/cpp/operator-overloading.md): Operator overloading gives user-defined types natural C++ syntax; learn lookup, return types, and comparison contracts without semantic surprises. - [RAII](https://codewiki.com/cpp/raii.md): RAII binds resource ownership to C++ object lifetime; learn deterministic destruction, exception paths, move-only owners, and non-throwing cleanup. - [References](https://codewiki.com/cpp/references.md): Bind expressions to existing objects with C++ references; understand lvalue and rvalue references, lifetimes, and forwarding without dangling. - [Smart pointers](https://codewiki.com/cpp/smart-pointers.md): Use unique_ptr for exclusive ownership and shared_ptr with weak_ptr for shared graphs, while avoiding control-block and lifetime bugs. - [Virtual functions](https://codewiki.com/cpp/virtual-functions.md): C++ virtual functions select an override from the dynamic type; learn pure virtual interfaces, safe destruction, and lifetime dispatch rules. ### C# - [Attributes](https://codewiki.com/csharp/attributes.md): Understand how C# attributes store declarative metadata, how targets, arguments, inheritance, and reflection work, and what generated code gets wrong. - [Collections](https://codewiki.com/csharp/collections.md): Choose C# collections by access pattern, equality, order, and concurrency, then avoid bugs involving mutable keys, read-only views, and compound operations. - [Data types](https://codewiki.com/csharp/data-types.md): Understand C# copy semantics, nullability, numeric conversions, and boxing, then avoid the type errors common in generated code. - [Delegates and events](https://codewiki.com/csharp/delegates-events.md): Delegates turn methods into type-safe values; events restrict who can publish notifications. Learn invocation lists, identity, capture, and async boundaries. - [Event subscription and lifetime](https://codewiki.com/csharp/events.md): Understand how C# events are declared, subscribed, raised, and released, including real traps around ordering, exceptions, and async handlers. - [Exceptions](https://codewiki.com/csharp/exceptions.md): Understand how C# exceptions are thrown, filtered, unwound, and propagated through tasks without losing the evidence needed to diagnose failure. - [Expression trees](https://codewiki.com/csharp/expression-trees.md): Represent lambdas as inspectable and translatable object trees; understand node types, parameter identity, visitors, compilation, and LINQ provider boundaries. - [C# fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/csharp/fundamentals.md): Understand how C# programs execute through expressions, statements, control flow, and methods, with a reliable model for types and input boundaries. - [Generics](https://codewiki.com/csharp/generics.md): Use type parameters to design reusable, type-safe C# APIs, with precise constraints, inference, variance, and runtime generic behavior. - [LINQ](https://codewiki.com/csharp/linq.md): Compose type-safe queries with LINQ; understand deferred execution, materialization, operator contracts, ordering, and provider boundaries. - [Pattern matching](https://codewiki.com/csharp/pattern-matching.md): Match runtime types and data shapes safely in C#, with explicit ordering, null handling, exhaustiveness, and list-pattern boundaries. - [Properties](https://codewiki.com/csharp/properties.md): Understand C# properties, accessors, auto-properties, init, and required, including validation, mutability, and ownership traps. - [Records](https://codewiki.com/csharp/records.md): Model data with C# record classes and record structs while keeping equality, copying, mutability, and inheritance behavior explicit. - [Reflection](https://codewiki.com/csharp/reflection.md): Inspect types and members at runtime, select overloads precisely, invoke code safely, and handle attributes, trimming, and Native AOT boundaries. - [Source generators](https://codewiki.com/csharp/source-generators.md): Add C# source during compilation and design incremental pipelines, semantic matching, deterministic output, diagnostics, and reliable generator tests. - [Span and Memory](https://codewiki.com/csharp/span-memory.md): Use Span and Memory for contiguous memory views while keeping slicing, async boundaries, ownership, and stack allocation explicit. ### Swift - [Automatic reference counting](https://codewiki.com/swift/arc.md): How Swift ARC governs class-instance lifetimes, and how strong, weak, and unowned references prevent or create reference cycles. - [Closures](https://codewiki.com/swift/closures.md): Understand Swift function values, capture timing, escaping rules, capture lists, and autoclosures, and design callbacks with explicit lifetime and concurrency semantics. - [Codable](https://codewiki.com/swift/codable.md): Use Swift's type system to encode and decode data, with precise control over key mapping, missing values, and diagnostic error paths. - [Enums and pattern matching](https://codewiki.com/swift/enums-pattern-matching.md): Model finite Swift states and use exhaustive patterns to extract associated values, filter cases, and handle type evolution safely. - [Error handling](https://codewiki.com/swift/error-handling.md): Model recoverable failure with Error, throw, do-catch, typed throws, and Result while preserving useful information at the right boundary. - [Extensions](https://codewiki.com/swift/extensions.md): Add computed properties, methods, and conformances to existing Swift types without confusing dispatch, storage, or module ownership. - [Swift fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/swift/fundamentals.md): Swift's static types, immutable and mutable bindings, safe conversions, control flow, functions, collections, and value semantics in working programs. - [Generics](https://codewiki.com/swift/generics.md): Use type parameters, constraints, where clauses, and associated types to write reusable Swift while preserving compile-time type relationships. - [Optionals](https://codewiki.com/swift/optionals.md): Model missing values in the type system and use binding, chaining, coalescing, transformations, and nested optionals without losing meaning. - [Property wrappers](https://codewiki.com/swift/property-wrappers.md): Understand how Swift property wrappers synthesize storage, wrapped and projected values, and how they affect initialization, copying, Codable, and concurrency. - [Protocols](https://codewiki.com/swift/protocols.md): Define capability boundaries with protocols, and understand requirements, conformance, defaults, associated types, some, and any. - [Protocol constraints and existentials](https://codewiki.com/swift/protocols-generics.md): Declare capabilities with Swift protocols, preserve type relationships with generics, and choose associated types, some, and any precisely. - [Structures and classes](https://codewiki.com/swift/structs-classes.md): Choose Swift structures or classes using value semantics, reference identity, initialization, and copy-on-write without accidental shared state. ### PHP - [Array functions](https://codewiki.com/php/array-functions.md): Use PHP's array transformation, filtering, reduction, merging, key, and sorting functions without losing keys or mutating the wrong value. - [Arrays](https://codewiki.com/php/arrays.md): Understand PHP arrays as ordered maps, including key normalization, list shape, value semantics, references, and silent shape-changing mistakes. - [Data types](https://codewiki.com/php/data-types.md): PHP runtime types, declarations, coercion, and strict mode, with boundary techniques that preserve both type and business meaning. - [Enums](https://codewiki.com/php/enums.md): Model closed sets with PHP enums, including pure and backed enums, boundary parsing, methods, serialization, and safe evolution. - [Error handling](https://codewiki.com/php/error-handling.md): Understand PHP diagnostic levels, custom handlers, ErrorException conversion, shutdown inspection, and production-safe reporting. - [Exceptions](https://codewiki.com/php/exceptions.md): Understand how PHP throws, propagates, catches, and cleans up after exceptions, then design failure boundaries with types and exception chains. - [PHP fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/php/fundamentals.md): Learn how PHP files execute, how expressions produce values, and how conditions, loops, and functions keep programs predictable. - [Magic methods](https://codewiki.com/php/magic-methods.md): Understand PHP 8.3 magic-method triggers, safe dispatch, cloning, and serialization contracts without turning hooks into hidden interfaces. - [Namespaces](https://codewiki.com/php/namespaces.md): PHP namespaces separate colliding declarations and connect code organization, import aliases, name resolution, and PSR-4 autoloading. - [Object-oriented programming](https://codewiki.com/php/oop.md): Build clear contracts with PHP 8.3 classes, encapsulation, interfaces, inheritance, and composition while handling identity and initialization correctly. - [PHP 8.0 features](https://codewiki.com/php/php8-features.md): Use union types, named arguments, attributes, match, constructor property promotion, and the nullsafe operator without hiding migration risks. - [Traits](https://codewiki.com/php/traits.md): Reuse behavior across PHP 8.3 classes with traits, resolve member conflicts explicitly, and keep contracts, dependencies, and state ownership clear. ### Frontend - [CSS animations](https://codewiki.com/frontend/css-animation.md): Use transitions and keyframes for interface state changes while handling timelines, fill modes, rendering cost, and reduced-motion preferences. - [CSS flexbox](https://codewiki.com/frontend/css-flexbox.md): Understand Flexbox through its axes and flexible sizing algorithm, then handle overflow, wrapping, visual order, and generated-code failures. - [CSS grid](https://codewiki.com/frontend/css-grid.md): Understand CSS Grid through tracks, lines, and auto-placement, then handle responsive columns, overflow, visual order, and generated-code failures. - [CSS-in-JS](https://codewiki.com/frontend/css-in-js.md): A practical model of runtime and build-time CSS-in-JS, with guidance for variants, dynamic values, the cascade, and server rendering. - [Form validation](https://codewiki.com/frontend/form-validation.md): Build reliable form validation with native HTML constraints, accessible errors, server checks, cross-field rules, and safe asynchronous results. - [Frontend development foundations](https://codewiki.com/frontend/getting-started.md): Start from the browser execution model, separate HTML, CSS, and JavaScript responsibilities, and build interfaces you can run, access, and debug. - [Semantic HTML](https://codewiki.com/frontend/html-semantic-tags.md): Use elements for their defined purpose, understand landmarks, headings, native controls, and the accessibility tree, and review generated markup. - [Responsive web design](https://codewiki.com/frontend/responsive-design.md): Adapt pages and components to available space, user preferences, and input capabilities without overflow, visual reordering, or wrong resource choices. - [Sass](https://codewiki.com/frontend/sass.md): Sass compiles variables, modules, and reusable SCSS logic to CSS; learn its build boundary, module configuration, and selector expansion. - [Tailwind CSS](https://codewiki.com/frontend/tailwind-css.md): Tailwind CSS 4 generates static CSS from composable utilities, variants, and theme variables; learn source detection, responsive rules, and dynamic-class traps. ### Backend - [HTTP API design](https://codewiki.com/backend/api-design.md): Design HTTP APIs as evolvable contracts, including resources, methods, errors, concurrency control, pagination, and safe retries. - [API-first design](https://codewiki.com/backend/api-first.md): Make the API contract a reviewable, executable deliverable before implementations, clients, mocks, and tests begin to depend on it. - [API versioning](https://codewiki.com/backend/api-versioning.md): Evolve an HTTP API without silently changing the contract that existing clients depend on. - [Django](https://codewiki.com/backend/django.md): A batteries-included Python web framework for routing requests, validating input, persisting data, rendering HTML, and operating secure applications. - [Elysia](https://codewiki.com/backend/elysia.md): A Bun-first TypeScript framework that combines route schemas, lifecycle hooks, and an inferred Eden client contract. - [FastAPI](https://codewiki.com/backend/fastapi.md): Build Python APIs with typed request, response, and dependency declarations that produce a testable OpenAPI contract. - [File uploads](https://codewiki.com/backend/file-upload.md): Receive, validate, quarantine, and publish untrusted bytes without exhausting the service or exposing unsafe content. - [Flask](https://codewiki.com/backend/flask.md): Flask is a lightweight Python WSGI web framework for building testable HTTP services with explicit routes, contexts, and application factories. - [Backend development](https://codewiki.com/backend/getting-started.md): Backend development starts at the HTTP boundary: route requests, validate input, persist state, and return API contracts clients can safely depend on. - [GraphQL](https://codewiki.com/backend/graphql.md): GraphQL constrains client-selected data with a typed schema; understand execution, null bubbling, resolvers, and batching to build evolvable, bounded APIs. - [gRPC](https://codewiki.com/backend/grpc.md): Define typed RPC contracts with Protocol Buffers, then handle streaming, deadlines, status codes, retries, and compatible evolution correctly. - [Hono](https://codewiki.com/backend/hono.md): A Web-standards TypeScript HTTP framework that unifies routing, middleware, runtime validation, testing, and typed clients across runtimes. - [HTTPX](https://codewiki.com/backend/httpx.md): Build controlled synchronous and asynchronous Python HTTP clients with correct pooling, phase timeouts, streaming cleanup, errors, and retries. - [JWT authentication](https://codewiki.com/backend/jwt-authentication.md): JWT authentication carries signed identity claims; safe implementations validate the algorithm, key, issuer, audience, time, and token purpose. - [Kotlin backend development](https://codewiki.com/backend/kotlin-backend.md): Build testable HTTP services in Kotlin with clear request boundaries, structured concurrency, isolated blocking calls, and reliable error handling. - [Laravel](https://codewiki.com/backend/php-laravel.md): Build testable PHP HTTP applications with Laravel 13 by understanding its request lifecycle, container, validation boundary, and Eloquent data access. - [Requests](https://codewiki.com/backend/requests.md): Use Python Requests to build HTTP calls, handle responses, reuse sessions, and set explicit boundaries for timeouts, retries, streaming, and TLS. - [RESTful API design](https://codewiki.com/backend/restful-api-design.md): Design understandable, retryable RESTful APIs with resources, HTTP methods, status codes, conditional requests, and stable error contracts. - [Ruby on Rails](https://codewiki.com/backend/ruby-rails.md): Build Rails 8.1 HTTP applications by understanding the request lifecycle, conventions, Active Record boundaries, and a testable write path. - [Rust backend development](https://codewiki.com/backend/rust-backend.md): Build typed HTTP services with Rust 1.98, Axum, and Tokio while controlling request extraction, shared state, timeouts, and task lifetimes. - [Scala backend development](https://codewiki.com/backend/scala-backend.md): Build clear HTTP service boundaries with Scala 3, Cats Effect, and http4s while controlling effects, concurrency, resources, and errors. - [Spring Boot](https://codewiki.com/backend/spring-boot.md): Spring Boot assembles production-ready Spring applications from explicit dependencies, conditional defaults, and external configuration. - [tRPC](https://codewiki.com/backend/trpc.md): tRPC turns a TypeScript router into a typed client contract; learn its runtime boundaries, validation, context, middleware, and deployment traps. - [URLSession](https://codewiki.com/backend/urlsession.md): Build, send, and test HTTP requests with URLSession while handling status codes, decoding, caching, cancellation, and bounded retries. - [WSGI](https://codewiki.com/backend/wsgi.md): WSGI defines the callable protocol between synchronous Python web servers and applications, including environ, middleware, and byte responses. - [WSGI and ASGI](https://codewiki.com/backend/wsgi-asgi.md): The two interfaces between Python web servers and applications, with their call shapes, event flows, compatibility limits, and async review traps. ### Architecture and system design - [Architecture decision records](https://codewiki.com/architecture/adr.md): A practical way to capture the context, alternatives, trade-offs, and validation behind architecture decisions without rewriting history. - [CAP theorem](https://codewiki.com/architecture/cap-theorem.md): How network partitions force operation-level trade-offs between linearizability and availability, and how systems recover safely. - [Software architecture](https://codewiki.com/architecture/getting-started.md): Learn to turn quality attributes, boundaries, and dependency direction into architecture decisions that can be implemented, tested, and revised. - [SOLID principles](https://codewiki.com/architecture/solid-principles.md): Use change ownership, extension points, behavioral contracts, narrow interfaces, and dependency direction without speculative abstraction. - [Technical debt](https://codewiki.com/architecture/tech-debt.md): Identify technical debt through verifiable change costs, track principal and interest, prioritize by risk and change frequency, and repay it safely. ### DevOps and cloud - [Dev Containers](https://codewiki.com/devops/dev-containers.md): Put toolchains, users, ports, lifecycle commands, and services in a Dev Container definition without mistaking it for a security sandbox. - [Docker](https://codewiki.com/devops/docker-guide.md): Understand images, containers, build caching, networks, and storage, then package a Node service as a reproducible, reviewable Docker workload. - [WebAssembly containers](https://codewiki.com/devops/wasm-containers.md): WebAssembly containers deliver Wasm modules as OCI artifacts; learn the boundaries among WASI capabilities, containerd shims, and RuntimeClass. ### Data and databases - [Advanced SQL](https://codewiki.com/data/sql-advanced.md): Build reviewable analytical SQL with window functions, CTEs, recursive queries, and null-safe anti-joins. ### Data science - [Matplotlib](https://codewiki.com/datascience/matplotlib.md): Build reproducible Python figures with the object-oriented API, deliberate color scales, reliable layouts, and explicit output backends. - [NumPy](https://codewiki.com/datascience/numpy.md): Work with multidimensional arrays through explicit shape, dtype, and ownership rules, including broadcasting, indexing, random data, and linear algebra. - [pandas](https://codewiki.com/datascience/pandas-guide.md): Process tabular data with explicit indexes, dtypes, and join cardinality, then build verifiable cleaning, aggregation, and merge pipelines. - [Polars](https://codewiki.com/datascience/polars.md): Process tabular data with expressions and lazy query plans while making schemas, nulls, join cardinality, and execution boundaries explicit. - [Data visualization](https://codewiki.com/datascience/visualization.md): Choose charts and visual channels from the analytical question, then handle scales, missing values, uncertainty, and accessibility without distorting the result. ### AI and LLM engineering - [Claude API](https://codewiki.com/ai/claude-api.md): Build reliable Claude Messages API requests, content-block parsers, streams, and tool loops with safe retry boundaries. - [LLM application basics](https://codewiki.com/ai/getting-started.md): Build your first LLM feature with an explicit input contract, output validation, an evaluation set, and a safe model boundary. - [Hugging Face](https://codewiki.com/ai/huggingface.md): Use the Hub to manage model artifacts and Transformers Pipeline and AutoClass for reproducible, secure local inference. - [LangChain](https://codewiki.com/ai/langchain.md): A practical guide to LangChain 1.x runnables, model pipelines, tool-calling agents, state boundaries, and migration traps. - [Local large language models](https://codewiki.com/ai/local-llms.md): Select, run, and evaluate LLMs on your own hardware while handling quantization, context memory, streaming, and service boundaries. - [Natural language processing](https://codewiki.com/ai/nlp.md): Turn language into testable classification, labeling, and retrieval tasks without losing semantics, offsets, or evaluation integrity. - [OpenAI API](https://codewiki.com/ai/openai-api.md): Build with the Responses API, parse typed output, manage conversations and streams, and handle keys, status, and retry boundaries correctly. ### Security - [API security](https://codewiki.com/security/api-security.md): Protect API request boundaries by authenticating callers, constraining inputs and resource use, and authorizing every object, action, and response field. - [CORS](https://codewiki.com/security/cors.md): How browsers use CORS to share cross-origin responses, including origins, preflights, credentials, caching, and security boundaries. - [Security response headers](https://codewiki.com/security/security-headers.md): Security response headers turn browser behavior into reviewable policy across CSP, HSTS, MIME handling, embedding, permissions, and deployment. - [Server-side request forgery](https://codewiki.com/security/ssrf.md): How untrusted destinations turn server-side fetches into SSRF, and how to bind validation, redirects, and egress to one policy. - [Web security fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/security/web-security-fundamentals.md): Understand browser-server trust boundaries and stop common web vulnerabilities with encoding, parameterization, authorization, and CSRF defenses. ### Game development - [Unity coroutines](https://codewiki.com/gamedev/unity-coroutines.md): Use IEnumerator for multi-frame flows, choose yield instructions precisely, and control timing, stopping, and MonoBehaviour lifecycles. - [Unity DOTS](https://codewiki.com/gamedev/unity-dots.md): Use Entities 1.4 to reason about ECS data layout, job dependencies, Burst compilation, structural changes, and stale generated APIs. - [Unity fundamentals](https://codewiki.com/gamedev/unity-fundamentals.md): Build a sound mental model of the Unity editor, GameObjects, components, transforms, serialized fields, lifecycle messages, and Prefab instances. - [MonoBehaviour lifecycle](https://codewiki.com/gamedev/unity-monobehaviour.md): Understand when Awake, Start, and frame callbacks run, then handle initialization, physics, subscriptions, disabling, and destruction correctly. - [Unity ScriptableObject assets](https://codewiki.com/gamedev/unity-scriptableobjects.md): Use ScriptableObjects for shared configuration while keeping runtime state, serialization, cloning, save IDs, and Editor lifecycle boundaries explicit. ### Coding in the AI era - [Agent context management](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/agent-context-management.md): Select and refresh repository context so an agent reasons from relevant code, constraints, and current evidence. - [Agent instructions and MCP](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/agent-instructions-and-mcp.md): Write AGENTS.md and CLAUDE.md guidance and expose scoped tools through MCP so agents follow repository-specific rules. - [Agent task planning](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/agent-task-planning.md): Turn a coding goal into bounded steps, checkpoints, and stopping conditions an agent can execute and you can inspect. - [Agent use boundaries](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/agent-use-boundaries.md): Decide when uncertainty, sensitivity, cost, or weak verification makes direct human work or simpler automation safer. - [AI-assisted debugging](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/ai-assisted-debugging.md): Use an AI pair to form hypotheses, design discriminating checks, and follow runtime evidence to a root cause. - [AI coding agents](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/ai-coding-agents.md): How coding agents read code, call tools, react to execution results, and stay bounded by permissions and verification evidence. - [AI coding CLIs](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/ai-coding-cli.md): Bound AI coding tasks by directory, context, and permission, then verify delivery with reproducible commands, diffs, and exit codes. - [AI IDEs](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/ai-ide.md): How AI IDEs assemble editor context, model suggestions, and local tools, and how to bound and verify generated changes. - [Code prompt vocabulary](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/code-prompt-vocabulary.md): Name interfaces, invariants, failure modes, and code structures precisely enough to request the intended change. - [Code provenance and verification](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/code-provenance-and-verification.md): Check generated code with independent evidence and trace copied patterns, dependencies, and licenses before shipping. - [Constraint-rich prompts](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/constraint-rich-prompts.md): State scope, non-goals, compatibility limits, and acceptance commands in prompts that bound generated changes. - [Examples and counterexamples](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/examples-and-counterexamples.md): Use representative inputs, desired outputs, and counterexamples to disambiguate a coding request. - [Executable specifications](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/executable-specifications.md): Express behavior, boundaries, and acceptance criteria in examples and checks an agent can execute. - [Generated change review](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/generated-change-review.md): Review generated diffs across files for correctness, edge cases, maintainability, and unintended behavior. - [Generated code security](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/generated-code-security.md): Threat-model generated changes and check trust boundaries, secrets, dependencies, input handling, and authorization. - [LLM application evals](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/llm-application-evals.md): Build representative cases, scoring rules, and regression thresholds for nondeterministic LLM features. - [Tests as agent guardrails](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/tests-as-agent-guardrails.md): Design focused tests that constrain implementation choices, expose regressions, and make agent work auditable. - [Unfamiliar code reading](https://codewiki.com/ai-era/unfamiliar-code-reading.md): Trace entry points, data flow, side effects, and invariants to build a fast, testable model of unfamiliar code. ### CS foundations - [Algorithmic complexity](https://codewiki.com/foundations/algorithmic-complexity.md): Estimate time and space growth with asymptotic notation and choose implementations that scale for real inputs. - [Arrays and linked lists](https://codewiki.com/foundations/arrays-and-linked-lists.md): Choose between contiguous arrays and linked nodes by access patterns, mutation costs, locality, and memory overhead. - [Dates and time](https://codewiki.com/foundations/dates-and-time.md): Model instants, civil time, time zones, durations, and calendar arithmetic without hiding context in ambiguous conversions. - [DNS resolution](https://codewiki.com/foundations/dns-resolution.md): Trace names through recursive and authoritative DNS, caching, record types, TTLs, and failure modes. - [Floating-point arithmetic](https://codewiki.com/foundations/floating-point-arithmetic.md): Predict representation error, rounding, overflow, and reliable comparisons in binary floating-point calculations. - [Git's internal model](https://codewiki.com/foundations/git-deep-dive.md): Understand Git through objects, references, the index, and the commit graph, then rebase, undo, and recover work safely. - [Hash maps](https://codewiki.com/foundations/hash-maps.md): Use hashing, collision handling, resizing, and key equality to build and evaluate constant-time lookup tables. - [HTTP semantics](https://codewiki.com/foundations/http-semantics.md): Design and diagnose HTTP exchanges using methods, status codes, fields, caching, idempotency, and connection boundaries. - [HTTP/2](https://codewiki.com/foundations/http2.md): HTTP/2 carries concurrent requests over one connection with binary frames, multiplexing, and HPACK; learn its streams, flow control, and failure boundaries. - [Internationalization](https://codewiki.com/foundations/i18n.md): Internationalization makes locale, time zone, plural rules, and writing direction explicit inputs so one product can serve different regions correctly. - [Linux](https://codewiki.com/foundations/linux.md): Understand Linux kernel boundaries, files and permissions, processes, descriptors, and signals, then troubleshoot them with verifiable commands. - [Network programming](https://codewiki.com/foundations/network-programming.md): Start with socket, TCP, and UDP semantics, then handle framing, timeouts, shutdown, and backpressure without ambiguous boundaries. - [Pipes and redirection](https://codewiki.com/foundations/pipes-and-redirection.md): Compose commands with standard streams, pipelines, redirection, and exit handling without losing errors or data. - [Processes and threads](https://codewiki.com/foundations/processes-and-threads.md): Distinguish processes and threads, trace their lifecycle and shared state, and reason about scheduling and synchronization. - [Recursion](https://codewiki.com/foundations/recursion.md): Define recursive cases, prove termination, trace the call stack, and replace recursion when depth is unsafe. - [Regular expressions](https://codewiki.com/foundations/regular-expressions.md): Build, read, test, and constrain regular expressions for reliable validation, search, capture, and replacement while avoiding escape and performance traps. - [Shell basics](https://codewiki.com/foundations/shell-basics.md): Navigate files, quote arguments, expand variables, inspect exit status, and run commands safely in a shell. - [Sorting and searching](https://codewiki.com/foundations/sorting-and-searching.md): Choose and implement sorting and searching strategies from data shape, ordering guarantees, and complexity. - [TLS connections](https://codewiki.com/foundations/tls-connections.md): Verify how certificates, hostnames, trust chains, handshakes, and key agreement protect connections. - [Trees and graphs](https://codewiki.com/foundations/trees-and-graphs.md): Model hierarchical and connected data, then traverse it with depth-first and breadth-first strategies. - [Unicode text](https://codewiki.com/foundations/unicode-text.md): Handle code points, encodings, grapheme clusters, normalization, and text comparison without corrupting user data. - [Virtual memory](https://codewiki.com/foundations/virtual-memory.md): Reason about address spaces, pages, allocation, caching, swapping, and memory faults in running programs. - [WebSocket](https://codewiki.com/foundations/websocket.md): WebSocket carries two-way messages on one connection; learn its handshake, boundaries, closing, recovery, security, and backpressure. ## Chinese ### Python - [*args 与 **kwargs](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/args-kwargs.md): 用明确的函数签名收集、解包和转发可变参数，并避免隐藏函数契约、静默接受拼错的选项。 - [asyncio](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/asyncio.md): 用协程、任务和结构化并发组织 I/O 工作，并正确处理超时、取消、阻塞调用与并发上限。 - [闭包](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/closures.md): 闭包让函数在离开定义位置后仍能访问外层绑定；理解 cell、nonlocal 与延迟绑定，才能安全地保存状态并生成回调。 - [上下文管理器](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/context-managers.md): 上下文管理器把资源获取与必需的清理绑定到 with 代码块，明确处理异常传播、生成器封装、动态组合与异步释放。 - [控制流](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/control-flow.md): 用条件分支、迭代、循环控制和结构模式匹配准确表达执行路径，并避开无限循环、错误真值测试与 match 捕获陷阱。 - [浅拷贝与深拷贝](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/copy.md): Python 如何复制对象图、保留共享引用、正确处理循环，并为类和不可变风格记录定义字段替换行为。 - [装饰器](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/decorators.md): 装饰器在定义时替换函数或类的绑定；掌握包装、堆叠、元数据、类型与异步边界，才能保持被装饰对象的契约。 - [函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/functions.md): 函数把输入绑定到参数，在独立作用域中执行代码并返回结果；掌握调用约定、默认值和对象语义，才能设计稳定接口。 - [functools 函数工具](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/functools.md): 用 functools 绑定调用参数、保留包装器元数据、归约可迭代对象并适配比较协议，同时避开签名与状态契约中的隐蔽错误。 - [生成器与迭代器](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/generators-iterators.md): 理解 Python 的迭代协议、惰性执行、yield、生成器委托与资源清理，写出可预测的单遍数据流。 - [列表推导式](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/list-comprehensions.md): 列表推导式把可迭代对象的转换与筛选写成一个表达式；重点掌握子句顺序、作用域、求值时机，以及何时应改用普通循环。 - [lru_cache 函数缓存](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/lru-cache.md): 用 functools 缓存可重复的函数调用，并正确处理缓存键、淘汰、失效、并发重复计算与对象生命周期。 - [map、filter 与 reduce](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/map-filter-reduce.md): 用 map 转换、filter 筛选、reduce 归约可迭代对象，并正确处理惰性求值、空输入和多输入长度不一致。 - [Python 基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/python-fundamentals.md): 理解 Python 如何用名称绑定对象、按缩进组织控制流，并通过函数、异常与模块构成可运行的程序。 - [作用域与命名空间](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/scope-namespaces.md): 作用域决定名称在哪里可见，命名空间保存名称与对象的绑定；掌握 LEGB、global、nonlocal 与特殊作用域，避免隐蔽的状态错误。 - [集合](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/sets.md): 用可哈希元素表达唯一成员、成员关系与集合代数，并避开无序输出、输入突变和相等值合并等陷阱。 - [单分派泛型函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/singledispatch.md): singledispatch 根据首个实参的运行时类型选择实现；掌握注册形式、继承解析、抽象基类和方法分派，才能安全扩展类型行为。 - [元组](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/tuples.md): 用元组表达固定顺序的数据，掌握打包、解包、浅层不可变性、哈希条件，以及何时改用命名元组。 - [变量与数据类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/python/variables-data-types.md): 理解 Python 的名称如何绑定到对象，并正确处理内置类型、真值、类型转换、别名、可变性与类型注解。 ### JavaScript - [数组方法](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/array-methods.md): 按返回结果与是否修改原数组选择 JavaScript 数组方法，并避开排序、稀疏数组、浅拷贝和异步回调中的常见错误。 - [箭头函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/arrow-functions.md): 箭头函数用紧凑语法创建函数表达式，并从外层继承 this 等绑定；理解返回规则、调用语义与函数标识，才能安全地编写回调。 - [call、apply 与 bind](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/call-apply-bind.md): 区分 call、apply 与 bind 的调用时机、实参形式和绑定行为，并正确处理回调标识、类数组对象与构造调用。 - [类](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/classes.md): 掌握 JavaScript 类的构造、原型方法、字段、继承与 this 绑定，并识别生成代码最常埋下的初始化错误。 - [闭包](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/closures.md): 闭包让函数继续访问定义位置的词法环境；理解共享绑定、循环变量与回调生命周期，才能可靠地使用这种机制。 - [柯里化与函数组合](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/currying-composition.md): 柯里化把参数分步固定，函数组合把单输入函数连接成数据流；重点理解参数数量、this、同步与异步边界。 - [数据类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/data-types.md): 理解 JavaScript 的七种基本类型、对象、运行时类型检查与强制转换，在输入边界保留 0、false 和空字符串的真实含义。 - [Date 对象](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/date-object.md): JavaScript 用 Date 对象表示时间点；准确理解字符串解析、UTC 与本地视图、格式化、日期计算、可变性和有效性检查。 - [解构赋值](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/destructuring.md): 用可运行示例讲清数组与对象解构、默认值、嵌套模式和剩余元素，以及生成代码最容易忽略的空值与浅拷贝边界。 - [错误处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/error-handling.md): 解释 JavaScript 异常如何跨越同步与 Promise 边界，并给出精确恢复、资源清理、错误包装和聚合的方法。 - [现代 JavaScript 特性](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/es6-features.md): 梳理 ES2015 及后续 JavaScript 的实用特性：词法绑定、简洁的数据操作、迭代、异步流程，以及兼容性边界。 - [事件循环](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/event-loop.md): JavaScript 如何决定下一步执行谁：调用栈、任务队列、微任务、I/O 阶段与协作式让出。 - [函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/functions.md): 理解函数对象、声明时机、参数绑定、返回值与高阶调用，写出边界清楚且可验证的 JavaScript 函数。 - [JavaScript 基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/fundamentals.md): 从绑定、值与表达式入手，理解 JavaScript 的声明、类型转换、比较和控制流，并避开基础代码里最常见的语义错误。 - [迭代器与生成器](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/iterators-generators.md): 用迭代协议统一数据遍历，用生成器按需产出值，并正确处理单次消费、双向通信与提前关闭。 - [JSON](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/json.md): 理解 JSON 文本与 JavaScript 值之间的边界，正确使用解析器、序列化器及其转换钩子，并识别精度、类型和安全陷阱。 - [Map 与 Set](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/map-set.md): JavaScript 的键值集合与唯一值集合，以及键相等、插入顺序、现代集合运算和弱集合的边界。 - [Math 对象](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/math-object.md): Math 对象集中提供取整、幂、根、三角函数、极值与伪随机数；理解浮点边界和区间契约，才能避免精度与安全错误。 - [内存管理](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/memory-management.md): 用可达性理解 JavaScript 垃圾回收，识别长期强引用，正确清理监听器与缓存，并谨慎使用弱集合和终结器。 - [模块](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/modules.md): JavaScript 模块定义依赖边界；掌握静态导入、实时绑定、动态导入、循环依赖与 Node 24 模块解析。 - [Object 静态方法](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/object-methods.md): 理清对象自有属性的枚举、浅拷贝、属性描述符与完整性级别，准确使用 JavaScript 的 Object 静态方法。 - [对象与原型](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/objects-prototypes.md): 理解 JavaScript 对象标识、自有属性、描述符、原型查找，以及构造函数和类背后的机制。 - [私有字段](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/private-fields.md): 使用 # 私有字段、方法与品牌检查封装类状态，并正确处理继承、代理、序列化和生成代码中的接收者错误。 - [Proxy 与 Reflect](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/proxy-reflect.md): Proxy 拦截对象的基本操作，Reflect 提供同语义的默认转发；理解 trap、receiver 与不变量，才能写出透明且可组合的代理。 - [正则表达式](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/regexp.md): 用可运行示例掌握 JavaScript 正则表达式的匹配、捕获、替换、Unicode 与状态语义，并避开动态模式注入和灾难性回溯。 - [字符串方法](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/string-methods.md): 理解字符串方法的不可变语义、UTF-16 索引、搜索替换与区域规则，写出能正确处理真实文本边界的 JavaScript。 - [Symbol](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/symbol.md): Symbol 是具有唯一标识的基本值，可安全扩展对象属性，并通过内置协议键定制语言行为。 - [this 绑定](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/this-binding.md): JavaScript 根据调用方式确定 this；掌握方法调用、显式绑定、箭头函数与构造调用，避免回调和重构改变接收对象。 - [类型化数组与 ArrayBuffer](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/typed-arrays.md): 类型化数组通过 ArrayBuffer 读写紧凑的二进制数据；理解视图、字节序、复制与可调整缓冲区，才能正确解析协议和文件。 - [WeakMap 与 WeakSet](https://codewiki.com/zh/javascript/weakmap-weakset.md): 用弱键集合关联对象元数据和成员状态，理解可达性、对象标识、不可枚举性与垃圾回收边界。 ### TypeScript - [高级类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/advanced-types.md): 组合条件类型、映射类型、索引访问、模板字面量与递归类型，同时分清编译期保证和运行时检查的边界。 - [基础类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/basics.md): 理解 TypeScript 如何描述 JavaScript 值、推断并收窄类型，以及静态类型在运行时数据边界上的限度。 - [品牌类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/branded-types.md): 用品牌类型区分结构相同但语义不同的值，并把运行时验证、类型断言与信任边界连接成可审核的契约。 - [声明文件](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/declaration-files.md): 声明文件用静态类型描述现有 JavaScript API；理解模块边界、解析规则、声明生成与类型测试，避免让精确类型掩盖错误实现。 - [枚举](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/enums.md): 枚举把一组命名常量同时带入类型系统和运行时；理解其输出、反向映射、边界验证与替代方案。 - [泛型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/generics.md): 用类型参数表达输入、输出和容器之间的关系，并在约束、推断与类型擦除之间守住真实的类型契约。 - [字面量类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/literal-types.md): 用精确值建模封闭状态，理解推断拓宽、as const、satisfies、可辨识联合与运行时验证之间的边界。 - [satisfies 操作符](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/satisfies.md): 用 satisfies 校验表达式是否符合类型约束，同时保留可用的推断精度，并避开它不做运行时验证的陷阱。 - [严格模式](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/strict-mode.md): 严格模式会在 JavaScript 运行前暴露空值、回调、类字段、迭代器和未标注代码中的不安全假设。 - [类型覆盖率](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/type-coverage.md): 类型覆盖率量化代码中逃逸为 any 的标识符；这里说明指标边界、严格计数、可信数据验证与稳定的 CI 门槛。 - [类型守卫](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/type-guards.md): 用运行时证据安全地收窄联合类型与 unknown，并写出可信的自定义类型谓词和断言函数。 - [类型推断](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/type-inference.md): 理解 TypeScript 如何从初始化值、上下文和泛型实参推导类型，并在字面量拓宽、空集合与公开 API 边界上保持正确契约。 - [类型收窄](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/type-narrowing.md): TypeScript 如何根据控制流收窄联合类型与 unknown，并用穷尽检查、可信谓词和稳定的局部绑定防止类型错误。 - [联合类型与交叉类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/union-intersection.md): 用联合类型表达多种可能，用交叉类型叠加约束，并通过可辨识联合、收窄与 never 检查保持类型组合安全。 - [工具类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/typescript/utility-types.md): 用 Partial、Pick、Omit、Record 与函数工具类型派生契约，并避开浅层转换、运行时擦除和过宽键集合。 ### Go - [defer、panic 与 recover](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/defer-panic-recover.md): 理解 Go 的 defer 求值与执行顺序、panic 展开以及 recover 的严格边界，避免清理失效和误吞故障。 - [错误处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/error-handling.md): Go 把错误作为值显式返回；这里讲清错误契约、错误包装、errors.Is、errors.As、多错误以及 typed nil 陷阱。 - [错误包装](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/error-wrapping.md): Go 错误包装用上下文串起失败原因，同时保留 errors.Is 和 errors.As 可检查的错误契约。 - [Go 语言基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/fundamentals.md): Go 源文件如何通过包、声明、类型、函数和控制流组成可执行程序，以及初学者最容易混淆的作用域与字符串规则。 - [泛型](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/generics.md): 用类型参数、约束与类型集编写可复用且类型安全的 Go 代码，并避开命名类型、推断和泛型方法的常见陷阱。 - [接口](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/interfaces.md): Go 接口用方法集合描述行为；理解隐式实现、方法集、接口值与带类型的 nil，才能设计出窄而可靠的边界。 - [Map](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/maps.md): Go map 用键定位值；理解可比较键、零值、共享语义、无序遍历和并发边界，才能避开常见的数据错误。 - [方法](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/methods.md): Go 方法把行为关联到自定义类型；掌握值与指针接收者、方法集、方法值和嵌入提升，才能正确设计接口与状态更新。 - [反射](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/reflect.md): Go 的 reflect 包在运行时检查类型和值；掌握 Kind、可设置性、结构体标签与 nil 边界，避免动态代码中的 panic。 - [reflect.Type 与 reflect.Value](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/reflection.md): Go 反射在运行时检查类型和值；理解 Type、Value、Kind、可设置性和 nil 边界，才能安全编写动态代码。 - [切片](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/slices.md): 切片是 Go 中处理连续元素的动态视图；理解长度、容量、底层数组与 append，才能避开共享内存带来的隐蔽错误。 - [结构体](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/structs.md): Go 结构体把相关字段组成值；理解零值、复制、可比较性、嵌入和标签，才能避开能编译却共享了错误状态的代码。 - [约束与类型集](https://codewiki.com/zh/go/type-parameters.md): 理解 Go 类型参数的声明、约束、类型集与推断规则，并处理命名类型、泛型方法和 comparable 的边界。 ### Rust - [借用规则](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/borrowing-rules.md): 共享引用与可变引用如何在不转移所有权的前提下安全访问值，以及怎样读懂并解决借用冲突。 - [Box、Rc 与 Arc](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/box-rc-arc.md): Rust 的 Box、Rc、Arc 与 Weak 分别处理堆分配、单线程共享、多线程共享与非拥有链接，并解释计数、可变性和引用循环。 - [闭包](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/closures.md): 理解 Rust 闭包如何捕获环境、获得 Fn 系列 trait，并在泛型、返回值、线程与动态分发中正确表达所有权。 - [集合](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/collections.md): 根据顺序、唯一性、键查找与范围查询选择 Rust 标准集合，并正确处理所有权、Entry API 和迭代顺序。 - [迭代器](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/iterators.md): 理解 Rust 迭代器的所有权语义、惰性适配器、短路消费、错误传播，以及自定义 Iterator 的正确契约。 - [生命周期省略与标注](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/lifetime-annotations.md): 用生命周期参数准确表达引用之间的关系，掌握省略规则、结构体借用、'static 与高阶生命周期约束。 - [生命周期](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/lifetimes.md): 生命周期描述引用在哪些程序区域内有效；理解推断、标注、省略、'static 与高阶约束，才能设计准确而不过度限制的借用接口。 - [模块与 crate](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/modules-crates.md): 区分 Cargo package、crate 与模块，并用路径、可见性和重导出构造稳定的 Rust 公共 API。 - [所有权](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/ownership.md): Rust 用所有权、移动、复制与确定性析构在编译期约束资源管理；读懂值何时转移、借用和释放。 - [移动、部分移动与丢弃](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/ownership-rules.md): 追踪移动、复制、借用、部分移动与析构，确保每个 Rust 值在程序的每个位置都有明确所有者。 - [模式匹配](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/pattern-matching.md): 用穷尽匹配、解构、守卫和绑定模式表达数据分支，并在不必要的移动与通配分支吞错前发现问题。 - [Pin 与 Unpin](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/pin.md): Pin 为地址敏感值建立不可移动契约，Unpin 决定何时可以解除限制；理解构造、投影、析构与 Future 轮询中的安全边界。 - [Cell 与 RefCell](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/refcell-cell.md): 通过 Cell 的值替换与 RefCell 的运行时借用，理解 Rust 内部可变性、借用冲突、重入回调和共享所有权的边界。 - [智能指针](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/smart-pointers.md): Rust 智能指针把间接访问与所有权、共享和析构规则组合起来；理解 Deref、Drop 与包装类型的真实边界。 - [字符串](https://codewiki.com/zh/rust/strings.md): 理解 String 与 str 的所有权、UTF-8 字节边界和 Unicode 文本层次，并为字符串 API 选择正确的借用与分配方式。 ### Java - [注解](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/annotations.md): Java 注解为声明和类型使用位置附加结构化元数据；理解目标、保留策略、反射读取与编译期处理，才能让元数据真正生效。 - [数据类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/data-types.md): Java 基本类型与引用类型的边界、数值转换规则、装箱语义，以及会在生产代码中造成错误的类型陷阱。 - [异常处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/exceptions.md): Java 异常的传播、检查型与非检查型边界、精确捕获、资源关闭、原因链，以及生成代码中常见的失败处理错误。 - [Java 语言基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/fundamentals.md): 用 Java 25 理解程序结构、变量作用域、表达式求值与控制流，并避开短路、分支和循环中的常见错误。 - [泛型](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/generics.md): Java 泛型用类型参数表达跨位置的类型关系；掌握边界、通配符与类型擦除，才能设计安全且灵活的 API。 - [内部类](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/inner-classes.md): 区分嵌套类与内部类，掌握外围实例、局部变量捕获和匿名类，并避免生成代码中的生命周期与语义错误。 - [接口](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/interfaces.md): Java 接口定义可替换的行为契约；掌握成员规则、默认方法冲突、函数式接口与安全演进方式。 - [Java 17 新特性](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/java17-features.md): 梳理 Java 17 源码级别可用的稳定语言特性，用可运行示例说明机制，并划清迁移时最容易混淆的版本边界。 - [Java 21 特性](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/java21-features.md): Java 21 的稳定语言与并发特性、预览边界，以及在 Java 25 运行时审查旧示例时必须识别的版本漂移。 - [面向对象编程](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/oop.md): Java 对象把状态与行为组织在明确边界内；理解类不变量、动态分派、可替换性与组合，才能设计可靠的对象模型。 - [记录类](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/records.md): 用记录类表达透明的数据载体，理解编译器派生的成员、紧凑构造器、浅层不可变性，以及记录模式的边界。 - [反射](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/reflection.md): 在 Java 25 中检查运行时类型、精确查找并调用成员，正确处理模块访问边界、异常包装与动态代理。 - [密封类](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/sealed-classes.md): 用 sealed、permits 与穷尽模式 switch 建模封闭的类型层次，并正确处理扩展边界、模块约束和版本演进。 - [字符串](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/strings.md): Java String 的值语义、UTF-16 索引、字符串池、比较、Unicode 边界、字符编码与高效构建方法。 - [类型擦除](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/type-erasure.md): 理解 Java 泛型如何擦除为 JVM 可执行类型，以及类型令牌、桥接方法、堆污染和运行时类型检查的边界。 - [通配符与 PECS](https://codewiki.com/zh/java/wildcards-pecs.md): Java 通配符描述泛型 API 的安全读写能力；用 PECS、捕获辅助方法和命名类型参数表达类型关系，避免未检查转换。 ### Kotlin - [集合](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/collections.md): 掌握 List、Set、Map、只读与可变接口、集合操作链和 Sequence 惰性求值，并避开别名、键覆盖与无限序列陷阱。 - [数据类](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/data-classes.md): 用数据类定义值语义，理解编译器生成的相等性、解构与浅拷贝，并避开可变键、数组和敏感字段陷阱。 - [委托属性](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/delegated-properties.md): Kotlin 委托属性把 getter 和 setter 交给可复用对象；掌握 lazy、observable、自定义委托以及共享状态和线程安全陷阱。 - [DSL](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/dsl.md): 用带接收者的 lambda、类型安全构建器与 DSL 标记设计边界清楚、可验证的 Kotlin 内部领域语言。 - [扩展](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/extensions.md): 用接收者语法为现有类型补充函数与计算属性，并理解静态解析、成员优先、可空接收者和作用域边界。 - [Kotlin 基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/fundamentals.md): 从只读引用、静态类型与空安全出发，掌握 Kotlin 的表达式、控制流和函数调用边界。 - [内联值类](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/inline-classes.md): 使用 `@JvmInline value class` 建模单值领域类型，理解 JVM 表示、装箱边界、构造校验与 Java 互操作。 - [Lambda 表达式](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/lambdas.md): Lambda 表达式把行为表示为有静态类型的值；这里讲清函数类型、捕获、接收者、返回控制与 JVM 边界。 - [空安全](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/null-safety.md): 用可空类型、智能转换、安全调用与 Elvis 运算符表达缺失值，并在 Java 互操作和生成代码边界避免运行时空指针异常。 - [面向对象编程](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/oop.md): 用类、接口、继承与组合建立清晰的对象边界，理解 Kotlin 的默认 final、运行时多态、构造顺序和可见性规则。 - [作用域函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/scope-functions.md): 用接收者与返回值两个维度选择 Kotlin 的 let、run、with、apply 和 also，并避开空值、嵌套接收者与链式返回陷阱。 - [密封类与密封接口](https://codewiki.com/zh/kotlin/sealed-classes.md): 用受限继承层级表达有限状态，借助穷尽 when 在新增分支时获得编译器反馈，并分清密封类、密封接口与枚举的边界。 ### C++ - [C 风格数组](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-arrays.md): C++23 内置数组的边界、初始化、指针转换、多维布局与生命周期，以及何时改用 std::array、span 或 vector。 - [C 语言基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-basics.md): 从翻译单元、类型与表达式开始，掌握 C23 的控制流、函数和错误边界，并避开整数转换与未定义行为陷阱。 - [C 文件 I/O](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-file-io.md): 使用 C23 的 stdio 流可靠地打开、读取、写入和定位文件，并正确处理 EOF、短计数、缓冲与关闭错误。 - [C 函数指针](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-function-pointers.md): 理解 C23 函数指针的声明、兼容类型、回调上下文与分发表，并避免错误强转、空调用和悬空上下文。 - [C 动态内存管理](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-memory.md): 用 C23 的分配函数管理大小、所有权与生命周期，并用可验证的清理路径避免泄漏、越界和释放后使用。 - [C 指针](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-pointers.md): C 指针保存对象地址；理解类型、解引用、数组边界、生命周期与限定符，才能写出契约明确且可检查的底层接口。 - [C 预处理器](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-preprocessor.md): C 预处理器在编译前展开宏、包含头文件并选择条件代码；掌握词元替换、配置边界与可验证的宏写法。 - [C 结构体、联合体与枚举](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/c-structs-unions.md): 用结构体组织记录，用联合体复用存储，并用枚举标记状态；重点掌握内存布局、复制语义和带标记联合体的安全边界。 - [类](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/classes.md): C++ 类把状态与操作组织成用户定义类型；这里讲清访问控制、构造与不变量，以及编译器生成特殊成员函数时的边界。 - [异常处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/exceptions.md): C++ 异常把错误检测与处理分离；理解类型匹配、栈展开、RAII、异常安全保证与 noexcept，才能让失败路径保持状态正确。 - [继承](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/inheritance.md): C++ 继承把基类子对象纳入派生类，并建立可替换的类型关系；重点掌握访问控制、构造顺序、对象切片和虚继承。 - [移动语义](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/move-semantics.md): C++ 移动语义讲清右值引用、std::move、移动构造、有效但未指定状态，以及 noexcept 如何影响容器行为。 - [命名空间](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/namespaces.md): C++ 命名空间为名称划定作用域；理解限定查找、using、ADL 与链接边界，才能让头文件和库接口保持可预测。 - [运算符重载](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/operator-overloading.md): 运算符重载让自定义类型使用自然的 C++ 表达式；理解候选查找、返回类型与比较契约，避免生成代码中常见的语义错误。 - [RAII](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/raii.md): RAII 把资源所有权绑定到 C++ 对象生命周期；掌握确定性析构、异常路径、只移动所有者与无抛出清理。 - [引用](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/references.md): C++ 引用把表达式绑定到已有对象或函数；理解左值引用、右值引用、生命周期与完美转发，避免悬空和误移动。 - [智能指针](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/smart-pointers.md): 用 unique_ptr 表达独占所有权，用 shared_ptr 与 weak_ptr 建模共享和观察关系，并避开控制块、循环引用与生命周期陷阱。 - [虚函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/cpp/virtual-functions.md): C++ 虚函数按对象的动态类型选择重写实现；掌握纯虚接口、安全析构、构造期分派和常见失效边界。 ### C# - [特性](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/attributes.md): 理解 C# 特性如何把声明式信息写入元数据，掌握目标、参数、继承与反射读取规则，并避开生成代码中的错误假设。 - [集合](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/collections.md): 根据访问模式、相等性、顺序与并发需求选择 C# 集合，并避开可变键、只读视图和复合操作中的错误。 - [数据类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/data-types.md): 理解 C# 值类型与引用类型的复制语义、可空性、数值转换和装箱规则，并避开生成代码中常见的类型错误。 - [委托与事件](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/delegates-events.md): 委托把方法变成类型安全的值，事件则限制谁能发出通知；理解调用列表、身份、捕获和异步边界。 - [事件订阅与生命周期](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/events.md): 理解 C# 事件的声明、订阅、触发与释放规则，以及调用顺序、异常传播和异步处理中的真实陷阱。 - [异常](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/exceptions.md): 理解 C# 异常的抛出、筛选、堆栈展开与异步传播，并在不丢失诊断信息的前提下划清恢复边界。 - [表达式树](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/expression-trees.md): 把 lambda 表示为可检查、组合和翻译的对象树，掌握节点类型、参数标识、访问器、编译与 LINQ 提供程序边界。 - [C# 语言基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/fundamentals.md): 从表达式、语句、控制流和方法理解 C# 程序怎样执行，并建立处理类型、输入与边界条件的可靠心智模型。 - [泛型](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/generics.md): 用类型参数表达可复用且类型安全的 C# API，掌握约束、类型推断、变体与运行时构造泛型的真实边界。 - [LINQ](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/linq.md): 用 LINQ 组合类型安全的查询管道，掌握延迟执行、物化、运算符契约、排序与提供程序边界，避免重复枚举和静默结果错误。 - [模式匹配](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/pattern-matching.md): 用 C# 模式匹配安全地检查运行时类型与数据形状，并掌握分支顺序、空值、穷尽性和列表模式边界。 - [属性](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/properties.md): 理解 C# 属性、访问器、自动属性、init 与 required 的真实契约，并避开验证失效和伪不可变对象等常见错误。 - [记录类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/records.md): 用 C# 记录类与记录结构体建模数据，并明确处理相等性、复制、可变性与继承行为。 - [反射](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/reflection.md): 在运行时检查类型与成员、精确选择重载并安全调用代码，同时处理特性、异常、裁剪和 Native AOT 边界。 - [源生成器](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/source-generators.md): 在编译期读取代码并添加 C# 源文件，掌握增量管道、语义匹配、稳定输出，以及生成代码的测试与审查方法。 - [Span 与 Memory](https://codewiki.com/zh/csharp/span-memory.md): 用 Span 与 Memory 表达连续内存视图，处理切片、异步边界、所有权与栈分配，避免隐藏复制和失效引用。 ### Swift - [自动引用计数](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/arc.md): Swift ARC 管理类实例的生命周期；理解强、弱与无主引用，定位对象图和闭包中的强引用循环。 - [闭包](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/closures.md): 理解 Swift 闭包的函数类型、值捕获、逃逸规则、捕获列表与自动闭包，并写出生命周期和并发语义明确的回调。 - [Codable](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/codable.md): 用 Swift 的类型系统定义可编码数据，掌握自动合成、自定义键映射、缺失值策略与可定位的解码错误。 - [枚举与模式匹配](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/enums-pattern-matching.md): 用 Swift 枚举表示有限状态，并通过穷尽的模式匹配安全地提取关联值、筛选分支和处理类型演进。 - [错误处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/error-handling.md): 用 Error、throw、do-catch、类型化 throws 与 Result 表达可恢复失败，并在正确的边界保留错误信息。 - [扩展](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/extensions.md): 用 Swift 扩展为现有类型添加计算属性、方法与协议遵循，并避开静态分派、命名冲突和追溯遵循陷阱。 - [Swift 基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/fundamentals.md): 通过可运行程序掌握 Swift 的静态类型、不可变与可变绑定、安全转换、控制流、函数、集合和值语义。 - [泛型](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/generics.md): 用类型参数、约束、where 子句与关联类型表达可复用的 Swift 代码，同时保留编译期类型关系。 - [可选类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/optionals.md): 用类型系统表达值缺失，掌握可选绑定、可选链、空合并、转换与嵌套可选值，并保留业务状态的准确语义。 - [属性包装器](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/property-wrappers.md): 理解 Swift 属性包装器如何合成存储、包装值与投影值，并正确处理初始化、复制、Codable 和并发边界。 - [协议](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/protocols.md): 用协议定义能力边界，理解要求、遵循、默认实现、关联类型，以及 some 与 any 表达的不同类型关系。 - [协议约束与存在类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/protocols-generics.md): 用 Swift 协议声明能力，以泛型保留类型关系，并准确选择关联类型、some 与 any 的抽象边界。 - [结构体与类](https://codewiki.com/zh/swift/structs-classes.md): 用值语义、引用恒等性、初始化与写时复制，判断 Swift 模型应使用结构体还是类，并避开共享可变状态。 ### PHP - [数组函数](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/array-functions.md): 掌握 PHP 数组转换、筛选、归约、合并、取键与排序的准确语义，并避开键重排、宽松比较和原地修改陷阱。 - [数组](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/arrays.md): 理解 PHP 数组的有序映射模型、键规范化、列表形状、值语义与引用，并避开静默改变数据结构的常见错误。 - [数据类型](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/data-types.md): 解释 PHP 的运行时类型、类型声明、强制转换与严格模式，并展示如何在外部输入边界保住类型与业务含义。 - [枚举](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/enums.md): 用 PHP 枚举表示封闭值集合，掌握纯枚举、带值枚举、边界转换、方法、序列化与演进陷阱。 - [错误处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/error-handling.md): 理解 PHP 诊断级别、自定义错误处理器、ErrorException 转换与关闭阶段检查，并建立不会泄露内部信息的生产策略。 - [异常](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/exceptions.md): 理解 PHP 异常的抛出、传播、捕获与清理语义，并用异常类型和异常链建立可审查的失败边界。 - [PHP 语言基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/fundamentals.md): 理解 PHP 文件如何执行、表达式怎样产生值，以及如何用条件、循环和函数写出可预测的程序。 - [魔术方法](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/magic-methods.md): 理解 PHP 8.3 的魔术方法触发规则、安全分派、克隆与序列化契约，避免把隐式钩子变成难以检查的隐藏接口。 - [命名空间](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/namespaces.md): PHP 命名空间把同名声明隔离开，并通过明确的名称解析规则连接代码组织、导入别名与 PSR-4 自动加载。 - [面向对象编程](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/oop.md): 用 PHP 8.3 的类、封装、接口、继承与组合建立明确契约，并正确处理对象身份和初始化规则。 - [PHP 8.0 新特性](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/php8-features.md): 通过联合类型、命名实参、特性、match、构造器属性提升与 nullsafe 运算符，掌握 PHP 8.0 的核心语义和升级风险。 - [Trait](https://codewiki.com/zh/php/traits.md): 用 PHP 8.3 的 Trait 在无关类之间复用行为，显式解决成员冲突，并让契约、依赖与状态所有权保持清楚。 ### 前端 - [CSS 动画](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/css-animation.md): 用过渡和关键帧表达界面状态变化，并正确处理时间线、填充模式、渲染成本与减少动态效果偏好。 - [CSS 弹性盒布局](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/css-flexbox.md): 用主轴、交叉轴和弹性尺寸算法理解 Flexbox，并处理内容溢出、换行、视觉顺序与生成代码中的常见错误。 - [CSS 网格布局](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/css-grid.md): 用轨道、网格线与自动放置理解 CSS Grid，并正确处理响应式列、内容溢出、视觉顺序和生成代码中的布局缺陷。 - [CSS-in-JS](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/css-in-js.md): 解释运行时与构建时 CSS-in-JS 的工作模型，以及如何处理变体、动态值、层叠和服务端渲染。 - [表单验证](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/form-validation.md): 用原生 HTML 约束、可访问错误提示和服务器端复验构建可靠的表单验证，并正确处理跨字段规则与异步竞态。 - [前端开发基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/getting-started.md): 从浏览器的执行模型出发，掌握 HTML、CSS 与 JavaScript 的职责边界，并建立可运行、可访问、可调试的前端开发流程。 - [HTML 语义化元素](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/html-semantic-tags.md): 用元素的既定含义表达文档结构，理解地标、标题、原生控件与可访问性树，并审查生成代码中的语义错误。 - [响应式网页设计](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/responsive-design.md): 让页面和组件依据可用空间、用户偏好与输入能力调整布局，同时避免溢出、视觉重排和错误资源选择。 - [Sass](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/sass.md): Sass 把带变量、模块和复用逻辑的 SCSS 编译为普通 CSS；理解编译边界、模块配置与选择器展开，避免生成难维护的样式。 - [Tailwind CSS](https://codewiki.com/zh/frontend/tailwind-css.md): Tailwind CSS 4 通过可组合工具类、变体与主题变量生成静态 CSS；重点掌握源码检测、响应式规则和动态类名陷阱。 ### 后端 - [HTTP API 设计](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/api-design.md): 把 HTTP API 设计成可演进的契约，覆盖资源建模、方法与状态码、错误格式、并发控制、分页和安全重试。 - [API 优先设计](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/api-first.md): 先把 API 契约变成可审查、可执行的交付物，再让实现、客户端、Mock 与测试围绕同一份契约演进。 - [API 版本管理](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/api-versioning.md): 解释如何在不悄然改变现有客户端所依赖契约的前提下，让 HTTP API 安全演进并淘汰旧版本。 - [Django](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/django.md): Django 是一个「电池已包含」的 Python Web 框架，集成请求路由、输入验证、数据持久化、HTML 渲染与安全运维能力。 - [Elysia](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/elysia.md): 面向 Bun 的 TypeScript Web 框架，用同一份路由模式完成运行时验证、类型推断和 Eden 客户端契约。 - [FastAPI](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/fastapi.md): 用类型注解声明请求、响应与依赖关系，构建可验证、可测试并自动生成 OpenAPI 契约的 Python API。 - [文件上传](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/file-upload.md): 从 HTTP 接收、流式限流、内容验证到隔离发布，建立可审计且不会把不可信字节直接暴露给用户的上传流程。 - [Flask](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/flask.md): Flask 是轻量级 Python WSGI Web 框架，用明确的路由、请求上下文与应用工厂构建可测试的 HTTP 服务。 - [后端开发入门](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/getting-started.md): 后端开发从 HTTP 边界开始：路由请求、验证输入、持久保存状态，并返回客户端可以安全依赖的 API 契约。 - [GraphQL](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/graphql.md): GraphQL 用类型化模式约束客户端选择的数据；理解执行、空值传播、resolver 与批量加载，才能构建可演进且可控的 API。 - [gRPC](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/grpc.md): 用 Protocol Buffers 定义强类型 RPC 契约，并正确处理流式调用、截止时间、状态码、重试与兼容演进。 - [Hono](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/hono.md): 基于 Web 标准的 TypeScript HTTP 框架，统一路由、中间件、运行时验证、测试与类型化客户端，同时保留多运行时部署能力。 - [HTTPX 客户端](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/httpx.md): 使用 HTTPX 构建可控的同步与异步 Python HTTP 客户端，正确管理连接池、分阶段超时、流式响应、错误边界与重试。 - [JWT 身份认证](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/jwt-authentication.md): JWT 用签名声明在服务之间传递身份；安全实现必须同时验证算法、密钥、签发者、受众、有效期和令牌用途。 - [Kotlin 后端开发](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/kotlin-backend.md): 用 Kotlin 构建可测试的 HTTP 服务，掌握请求边界、结构化并发、阻塞调用隔离与可靠错误处理。 - [Laravel](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/php-laravel.md): 用 Laravel 13 建立可测试的 PHP HTTP 应用，理解请求生命周期、服务容器、验证边界与 Eloquent 数据访问。 - [Requests](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/requests.md): 用 Python Requests 构造 HTTP 请求、处理响应、复用会话，并为超时、重试、流式读取和 TLS 验证设定清晰边界。 - [RESTful API 设计](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/restful-api-design.md): 用资源、HTTP 方法、状态码、条件请求和稳定错误契约设计可理解、可重试且能安全演进的 RESTful API。 - [Ruby on Rails](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/ruby-rails.md): 用 Rails 8.1 理解请求生命周期、约定式结构、Active Record 数据边界，以及一条可测试的 HTTP 写入路径。 - [Rust 后端开发](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/rust-backend.md): 用 Rust 1.98、Axum 与 Tokio 构建类型安全的 HTTP 服务，理解请求提取、共享状态、超时与任务生命周期。 - [Scala 后端开发](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/scala-backend.md): 用 Scala 3、Cats Effect 与 http4s 构建边界清楚的 HTTP 服务，并正确处理效果、并发、资源和错误。 - [Spring Boot](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/spring-boot.md): Spring Boot 通过明确依赖、条件化默认配置和外部化配置，组装可用于生产环境的 Spring 应用。 - [tRPC](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/trpc.md): tRPC 将 TypeScript router 转换为类型化客户端契约；掌握运行时边界、验证、上下文、中间件与部署陷阱。 - [URLSession](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/urlsession.md): 使用 URLSession 构造、发送和测试 HTTP 请求，正确处理状态码、解码、缓存、取消与有限重试。 - [WSGI](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/wsgi.md): WSGI 定义同步 Python Web 服务器与应用之间的可调用协议；掌握 environ、响应可迭代对象、中间件和字节边界。 - [WSGI 与 ASGI](https://codewiki.com/zh/backend/wsgi-asgi.md): Python Web 服务器与应用之间的两种接口契约，重点理解调用方式、消息流、兼容边界与异步代码审查。 ### 架构与系统设计 - [架构决策记录](https://codewiki.com/zh/architecture/adr.md): 用轻量、可追溯的记录保存架构选择的背景、备选方案、取舍与验证方式，并用新记录取代已经失效的决策。 - [CAP 定理](https://codewiki.com/zh/architecture/cap-theorem.md): CAP 定理说明网络分区为何迫使分布式系统按操作权衡线性一致性与可用性，以及恢复后如何安全收敛。 - [软件架构入门](https://codewiki.com/zh/architecture/getting-started.md): 从质量属性、边界和依赖方向入手，把软件架构选择变成可以实施、验证和持续修正的工程决策。 - [SOLID 原则](https://codewiki.com/zh/architecture/solid-principles.md): 用变更原因、扩展点、行为契约、窄接口和依赖方向判断设计，让代码能安全变化，又不为猜测中的需求过度抽象。 - [技术债务](https://codewiki.com/zh/architecture/tech-debt.md): 用可验证的变更成本识别技术债务，记录本金与利息，按风险和变化频率排序，并在保留行为的前提下逐步偿还。 ### DevOps 与云 - [开发容器](https://codewiki.com/zh/devops/dev-containers.md): 用 Dev Container 规范把工具链、用户、端口、生命周期命令与多服务依赖写进仓库，并识别它无法隔离的主机风险。 - [Docker](https://codewiki.com/zh/devops/docker-guide.md): 理解镜像、容器、构建缓存、网络与存储，并把一个 Node 服务打包成可复现、可审查的 Docker 工作负载。 - [WebAssembly 容器](https://codewiki.com/zh/devops/wasm-containers.md): WebAssembly 容器把 Wasm 模块作为 OCI 制品交给专用运行时；重点讲清 WASI 能力、containerd shim、RuntimeClass 与部署边界。 ### 数据与数据库 - [高级 SQL](https://codewiki.com/zh/data/sql-advanced.md): 用窗口函数、公共表表达式、递归查询和空值安全的反连接，构造可复查的分析型 SQL。 ### 数据科学 - [Matplotlib 绘图](https://codewiki.com/zh/datascience/matplotlib.md): 使用面向对象 API 构建可复现的 Python 图表，正确处理颜色尺度、布局、渲染后端与文件输出。 - [NumPy](https://codewiki.com/zh/datascience/numpy.md): 用清晰的形状、数据类型和所有权模型处理多维数组，并正确使用广播、向量化、索引、随机数与线性代数。 - [pandas](https://codewiki.com/zh/datascience/pandas-guide.md): 用明确的索引、数据类型与连接基数处理表格数据，并写出可验证的数据清洗、聚合和合并流程。 - [Polars](https://codewiki.com/zh/datascience/polars.md): 使用 Polars 表达式和惰性查询计划处理表格数据，并明确模式、空值、连接基数、执行边界与输出契约。 - [数据可视化](https://codewiki.com/zh/datascience/visualization.md): 从分析问题出发选择图表与视觉通道，处理尺度、缺失值、不确定性和无障碍表达，避免图形正确但结论失真。 ### AI 与大模型工程 - [Claude API](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/claude-api.md): 使用 Claude Messages API 构造请求、解析内容块、处理流式事件与工具回传，并守住重试和副作用边界。 - [大模型应用基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/getting-started.md): 用清晰的输入契约、输出验证、评测集和安全边界构建第一个大模型功能，并在模型或提示词变更时发现回归。 - [Hugging Face](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/huggingface.md): 用 Hub 管理模型制品，并通过 Transformers 的 Pipeline 与 AutoClass 完成可复现、安全的本地推理。 - [LangChain](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/langchain.md): 一份面向实践的 LangChain 1.x 指南，涵盖可运行单元、模型流水线、工具调用智能体、状态边界与迁移陷阱。 - [本地大语言模型](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/local-llms.md): 在自己的硬件上选择、运行和评测大语言模型，并正确处理量化、上下文内存、流式响应与服务边界。 - [自然语言处理](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/nlp.md): 把自然语言转换成可评估的分类、标注与检索任务，并用可靠的预处理、特征和测试避免语义与偏移量错误。 - [OpenAI API](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai/openai-api.md): 使用 Responses API 构造请求、解析类型化输出、管理对话与流式事件，并正确处理密钥、状态和重试边界。 ### 安全 - [API 安全](https://codewiki.com/zh/security/api-security.md): 保护 API 的请求边界：验证调用方、约束输入与资源消耗，并对每个对象、操作和返回字段执行授权。 - [CORS](https://codewiki.com/zh/security/cors.md): CORS 让浏览器按服务端声明开放跨源响应；关键是分清同源边界、预检、凭证与独立的身份授权。 - [安全响应头](https://codewiki.com/zh/security/security-headers.md): 安全响应头把浏览器行为收束为可审查的策略；重点掌握 CSP、HSTS、MIME、嵌入权限与可靠部署。 - [服务端请求伪造](https://codewiki.com/zh/security/ssrf.md): 不可信目标如何把服务端请求变成 SSRF，以及如何用同一策略约束校验、重定向、真实连接与出站流量。 - [Web 安全基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/security/web-security-fundamentals.md): 理解浏览器与服务器之间的信任边界，用输出编码、参数化查询、授权和 CSRF 防护阻断常见 Web 漏洞。 ### 游戏开发 - [Unity 协程](https://codewiki.com/zh/gamedev/unity-coroutines.md): 用 IEnumerator 编排跨帧流程，准确选择 yield 指令，并处理计时、停止与 MonoBehaviour 生命周期。 - [Unity DOTS](https://codewiki.com/zh/gamedev/unity-dots.md): 用 Entities 1.4 理解 ECS 数据布局、Job 依赖、Burst 编译与结构变更，并识别生成代码中的旧 API。 - [Unity 开发基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/gamedev/unity-fundamentals.md): 从编辑器、GameObject、组件与 Transform 建立正确心智模型，再掌握序列化字段、生命周期和 Prefab 实例。 - [MonoBehaviour 生命周期](https://codewiki.com/zh/gamedev/unity-monobehaviour.md): 理解 Awake、Start 与逐帧回调的执行边界，正确处理初始化、物理更新、事件订阅、禁用与销毁。 - [Unity ScriptableObject 资源](https://codewiki.com/zh/gamedev/unity-scriptableobjects.md): 用 ScriptableObject 保存共享配置，分清资源与运行时状态，并正确处理序列化、克隆、存档标识和编辑器生命周期。 ### AI 时代编程 - [智能体上下文管理](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/agent-context-management.md): 持续选择并及时更新仓库上下文，使智能体能够依据相关代码、约束条件和最新证据进行推理和判断。 - [智能体指令与 MCP](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/agent-instructions-and-mcp.md): 编写 AGENTS.md 和 CLAUDE.md 指引，并通过 MCP 提供受限工具，让智能体遵守仓库规则。 - [智能体任务规划](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/agent-task-planning.md): 把编码目标拆成有边界的步骤、检查点和停止条件，便于智能体执行和人工检查。 - [智能体使用边界](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/agent-use-boundaries.md): 判断不确定性、敏感性、成本或验证不足何时意味着人工处理或简单自动化更安全。 - [AI 辅助调试](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/ai-assisted-debugging.md): 借助 AI 结对提出假设、设计有区分度的检查，并沿运行证据定位根因。 - [AI 编程智能体](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/ai-coding-agents.md): AI 编程智能体如何读取代码、调用工具、根据执行结果继续工作，以及怎样用权限边界和验证证据控制风险。 - [AI 编程 CLI](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/ai-coding-cli.md): 在终端中为 AI 编程任务限定目录、上下文和权限，并用可复现的命令、差异与退出码验证交付。 - [AI 集成开发环境](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/ai-ide.md): AI 集成开发环境如何组合编辑器上下文、模型建议与本地工具，以及怎样控制修改范围并验证生成代码。 - [代码提示词术语](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/code-prompt-vocabulary.md): 准确描述接口、不变量、失败模式和代码结构，从而提出符合意图的改动请求。 - [代码来源与验证](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/code-provenance-and-verification.md): 发布前用独立证据检查生成代码，并追溯复用模式、依赖和许可证的来源。 - [约束明确的提示词](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/constraint-rich-prompts.md): 在提示词中写明范围、非目标、兼容性限制和验收命令，约束生成式改动。 - [示例与反例](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/examples-and-counterexamples.md): 用代表性输入、预期输出和反例消除编码请求中的歧义。 - [可执行规格](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/executable-specifications.md): 用智能体可执行的示例和检查来表达行为、边界与验收标准。 - [生成式改动审查](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/generated-change-review.md): 跨文件审查生成式差异，判断正确性、边界情况、可维护性和意外行为。 - [生成代码安全](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/generated-code-security.md): 对生成式改动进行威胁建模，并检查信任边界、密钥、依赖、输入处理和授权。 - [LLM 应用评测](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/llm-application-evals.md): 为具有非确定性的 LLM 功能建立代表性用例、评分规则和回归阈值。 - [作为智能体护栏的测试](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/tests-as-agent-guardrails.md): 设计聚焦的测试来约束实现选择、暴露回归，并让智能体的工作可审计。 - [陌生代码阅读](https://codewiki.com/zh/ai-era/unfamiliar-code-reading.md): 追踪入口、数据流、副作用和不变量，快速建立可验证的陌生代码模型。 ### 计算机基础 - [算法复杂度](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/algorithmic-complexity.md): 用渐近记号估算时间与空间增长，并为实际输入选择可扩展的实现。 - [数组与链表](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/arrays-and-linked-lists.md): 依据访问模式、修改成本、局部性和内存开销，在连续数组与链式节点之间取舍。 - [日期与时间](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/dates-and-time.md): 区分时间点、民用时间、时区、时长与日历运算，保留转换所需的上下文，避免看似正确却含义模糊的时间计算。 - [DNS 解析](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/dns-resolution.md): 追踪域名经过递归与权威 DNS 的解析过程，理解缓存、记录类型、TTL 和失败模式。 - [浮点数运算](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/floating-point-arithmetic.md): 理解二进制浮点数的表示与舍入规则，预测误差、溢出和比较结果，并为实际计算选择可靠策略。 - [Git 内部模型](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/git-deep-dive.md): 从对象、引用、索引与提交图理解 Git，并据此在真实协作中安全地变基、撤销和恢复工作。 - [哈希表](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/hash-maps.md): 运用哈希、冲突处理、扩容和键相等规则，构建并评估常数时间查找表。 - [HTTP 语义](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/http-semantics.md): 综合运用方法、状态码、响应字段、缓存策略、幂等性和连接边界等要素，设计并诊断 HTTP 请求与响应交互。 - [HTTP/2](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/http2.md): HTTP/2 用二进制帧、多路复用和 HPACK 在一条连接上承载并发请求；理解流、流量控制与故障边界，才能安全地使用它。 - [国际化](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/i18n.md): 国际化把语言、区域、时区、复数规则和书写方向变成显式输入，让同一套产品逻辑为不同地区生成正确界面。 - [Linux](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/linux.md): 理解 Linux 的内核边界、文件与权限、进程、文件描述符和信号，并用可验证的命令安全地排查系统。 - [网络编程](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/network-programming.md): 从套接字、TCP 与 UDP 的传输语义出发，掌握消息分帧、超时、关闭和背压，写出边界清楚且可诊断的网络程序。 - [管道与重定向](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/pipes-and-redirection.md): 利用标准流、管道、重定向和退出状态组合命令，同时避免丢失错误或数据。 - [进程与线程](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/processes-and-threads.md): 区分进程与线程，追踪其生命周期和共享状态，并分析调度与同步。 - [递归](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/recursion.md): 定义递归分支、证明终止性、追踪调用栈，并在深度不安全时改用迭代。 - [正则表达式](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/regular-expressions.md): 学习编写、阅读、测试并约束正则表达式，可靠完成文本校验、搜索、捕获与替换任务，同时避开转义和性能陷阱。 - [Shell 基础](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/shell-basics.md): 在 Shell 中安全地浏览文件、引用参数、展开变量、检查退出状态并运行命令。 - [排序与查找](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/sorting-and-searching.md): 根据数据形态、顺序保证和复杂度选择并实现排序与查找策略。 - [TLS 连接](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/tls-connections.md): 验证证书、主机名、信任链、握手和密钥协商如何保护连接。 - [树与图](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/trees-and-graphs.md): 用树和图建模层级与连接关系，并通过深度优先和广度优先策略遍历数据。 - [Unicode 文本](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/unicode-text.md): 正确处理码点、编码、字素簇、规范化和文本比较，避免破坏用户数据。 - [虚拟内存](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/virtual-memory.md): 分析运行中程序的地址空间、分页、分配、缓存、换页和内存故障。 - [WebSocket](https://codewiki.com/zh/foundations/websocket.md): WebSocket 在一条连接上承载双向消息；重点掌握握手、消息边界、关闭语义、重连歧义、安全校验与背压。 ## Cheatsheets - [Claude Code essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/claude-code.md): Claude Code 2.1.260 commands and prompts for scoped sessions, project context, permissions, review, testing, automation, MCP, skills, and subagents. - [Claude Code 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/claude-code.md): Claude Code 2.1.260 命令与提示词速查，涵盖会话边界、项目上下文、权限、审查、测试、自动化、MCP、技能和子智能体。 - [Codex CLI essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/codex-cli.md): Codex CLI 0.153.0 commands for bounded agent runs, session control, automation, code review, MCP servers, and diagnostics. - [Codex CLI 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/codex-cli.md): Codex CLI 0.153.0 命令速查，涵盖受限智能体运行、会话控制、自动化、代码审查、MCP 服务器与诊断。 - [Docker 29 essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/docker.md): Printable Docker and Compose commands for builds, containers, networking, storage, security, inspection, and cleanup. - [Docker 29 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/docker.md): 可打印的 Docker 与 Compose 速查表，涵盖构建、容器、网络、存储、安全、排查与清理命令。 - [Git command-line essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/git-shell.md): A printable Git 2.43.0 reference for inspecting state, staging work, managing branches, integrating changes, undoing mistakes, and recovering commits. - [Git 命令行速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/git-shell.md): 适合打印的 Git 2.43.0 速查表，涵盖状态检查、暂存、分支管理、变更集成、撤销操作与提交恢复。 - [Go 1.27 essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/go.md): A printable reference for Go syntax, concurrency, standard-library boundaries, tests, benchmarks, and diagnostic commands. - [Go 1.27 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/go.md): 可打印的 Go 语法、并发、标准库边界、测试、基准测试与诊断命令速查表。 - [HTTP API cheatsheet](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/http.md): Node 24 fetch patterns and HTTP API contracts for methods, statuses, media types, caching, retries, pagination, auth, and versioning. - [HTTP API 速查表](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/http.md): Node 24 的 fetch 用法与 HTTP API 契约参考，涵盖方法、状态码、媒体类型、缓存、重试、分页、认证和版本控制。 - [JavaScript cheatsheet](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/javascript.md): Node 24 syntax and runtime operations for values, functions, collections, errors, async work, modules, strings, and input boundaries. - [JavaScript 速查表](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/javascript.md): Node 24 的值、函数、集合、错误、异步操作、模块、字符串与输入边界语法参考。 - [Python essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/python.md): Core Python 3.14 syntax and standard-library patterns for everyday lookup, from bindings and ABCs to asyncio, typing, and tooling. - [Python 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/python.md): Python 3.14 核心语法与标准库模式速查，涵盖名称绑定、抽象基类、asyncio、类型标注和常用工具。 - [Regular expressions](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/regex.md): Node 24 regular-expression syntax and APIs for matching, capture, Unicode text, replacement, validation, and dynamic patterns. - [正则表达式](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/regex.md): Node 24 正则表达式语法与 API，涵盖匹配、捕获、Unicode 文本、替换、校验和动态模式。 - [Rust essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/rust.md): The Rust 1.98 syntax, error patterns, concurrency tools, and Cargo commands worth keeping beside the editor. - [Rust 速查表](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/rust.md): 随手查阅 Rust 1.98 的核心语法、错误处理、并发、异步与工具链用法。 - [SQL essentials](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/sql.md): Copyable SQLite 3.45.1 queries for filtering, joins, grouping, windows, writes, schema changes, transactions, and plan inspection. - [SQL 核心速查](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/sql.md): SQLite 3.45.1 常用语句速查，涵盖筛选、连接、分组、窗口、数据写入、模式变更、事务和查询计划检查。 - [TypeScript cheatsheet](https://codewiki.com/cheatsheets/typescript.md): Practical TypeScript 6 syntax for inference, narrowing, type transformations, declarations, and project checks. - [TypeScript 速查表](https://codewiki.com/zh/cheatsheets/typescript.md): TypeScript 6 的实用语法参考，涵盖类型推断、收窄、类型转换、声明与项目检查。 ## Rules packs - [Python CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/python/CLAUDE.md): 109 rules from reviewed Python topics. - [Python AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/python/AGENTS.md): 109 rules from reviewed Python topics. - [Python codewiki-python.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/python/codewiki-python.mdc): 109 rules from reviewed Python topics. - [Data and databases CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/data/CLAUDE.md): 6 rules from reviewed Data and databases topics. - [Data and databases AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/data/AGENTS.md): 6 rules from reviewed Data and databases topics. - [Data and databases codewiki-data.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/data/codewiki-data.mdc): 6 rules from reviewed Data and databases topics. - [TypeScript CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/typescript/CLAUDE.md): 82 rules from reviewed TypeScript topics. - [TypeScript AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/typescript/AGENTS.md): 82 rules from reviewed TypeScript topics. - [TypeScript codewiki-typescript.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/typescript/codewiki-typescript.mdc): 82 rules from reviewed TypeScript topics. - [Coding in the AI era CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai-era/CLAUDE.md): 101 rules from reviewed Coding in the AI era topics. - [Coding in the AI era AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai-era/AGENTS.md): 101 rules from reviewed Coding in the AI era topics. - [Coding in the AI era codewiki-ai-era.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai-era/codewiki-ai-era.mdc): 101 rules from reviewed Coding in the AI era topics. - [CS foundations CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/foundations/CLAUDE.md): 131 rules from reviewed CS foundations topics. - [CS foundations AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/foundations/AGENTS.md): 131 rules from reviewed CS foundations topics. - [CS foundations codewiki-foundations.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/foundations/codewiki-foundations.mdc): 131 rules from reviewed CS foundations topics. - [Java CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/java/CLAUDE.md): 89 rules from reviewed Java topics. - [Java AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/java/AGENTS.md): 89 rules from reviewed Java topics. - [Java codewiki-java.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/java/codewiki-java.mdc): 89 rules from reviewed Java topics. - [Security CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/security/CLAUDE.md): 29 rules from reviewed Security topics. - [Security AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/security/AGENTS.md): 29 rules from reviewed Security topics. - [Security codewiki-security.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/security/codewiki-security.mdc): 29 rules from reviewed Security topics. - [Backend CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/backend/CLAUDE.md): 148 rules from reviewed Backend topics. - [Backend AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/backend/AGENTS.md): 148 rules from reviewed Backend topics. - [Backend codewiki-backend.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/backend/codewiki-backend.mdc): 148 rules from reviewed Backend topics. - [Architecture and system design CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/architecture/CLAUDE.md): 25 rules from reviewed Architecture and system design topics. - [Architecture and system design AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/architecture/AGENTS.md): 25 rules from reviewed Architecture and system design topics. - [Architecture and system design codewiki-architecture.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/architecture/codewiki-architecture.mdc): 25 rules from reviewed Architecture and system design topics. - [PHP CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/php/CLAUDE.md): 67 rules from reviewed PHP topics. - [PHP AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/php/AGENTS.md): 67 rules from reviewed PHP topics. - [PHP codewiki-php.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/php/codewiki-php.mdc): 67 rules from reviewed PHP topics. - [JavaScript CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/javascript/CLAUDE.md): 168 rules from reviewed JavaScript topics. - [JavaScript AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/javascript/AGENTS.md): 168 rules from reviewed JavaScript topics. - [JavaScript codewiki-javascript.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/javascript/codewiki-javascript.mdc): 168 rules from reviewed JavaScript topics. - [C# CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/csharp/CLAUDE.md): 94 rules from reviewed C# topics. - [C# AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/csharp/AGENTS.md): 94 rules from reviewed C# topics. - [C# codewiki-csharp.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/csharp/codewiki-csharp.mdc): 94 rules from reviewed C# topics. - [Swift CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/swift/CLAUDE.md): 69 rules from reviewed Swift topics. - [Swift AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/swift/AGENTS.md): 69 rules from reviewed Swift topics. - [Swift codewiki-swift.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/swift/codewiki-swift.mdc): 69 rules from reviewed Swift topics. - [Rust CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/rust/CLAUDE.md): 80 rules from reviewed Rust topics. - [Rust AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/rust/AGENTS.md): 80 rules from reviewed Rust topics. - [Rust codewiki-rust.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/rust/codewiki-rust.mdc): 80 rules from reviewed Rust topics. - [C++ CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/cpp/CLAUDE.md): 103 rules from reviewed C++ topics. - [C++ AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/cpp/AGENTS.md): 103 rules from reviewed C++ topics. - [C++ codewiki-cpp.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/cpp/codewiki-cpp.mdc): 103 rules from reviewed C++ topics. - [AI and LLM engineering CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai/CLAUDE.md): 39 rules from reviewed AI and LLM engineering topics. - [AI and LLM engineering AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai/AGENTS.md): 39 rules from reviewed AI and LLM engineering topics. - [AI and LLM engineering codewiki-ai.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/ai/codewiki-ai.mdc): 39 rules from reviewed AI and LLM engineering topics. - [Kotlin CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/kotlin/CLAUDE.md): 68 rules from reviewed Kotlin topics. - [Kotlin AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/kotlin/AGENTS.md): 68 rules from reviewed Kotlin topics. - [Kotlin codewiki-kotlin.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/kotlin/codewiki-kotlin.mdc): 68 rules from reviewed Kotlin topics. - [Go CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/go/CLAUDE.md): 74 rules from reviewed Go topics. - [Go AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/go/AGENTS.md): 74 rules from reviewed Go topics. - [Go codewiki-go.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/go/codewiki-go.mdc): 74 rules from reviewed Go topics. - [Frontend CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/frontend/CLAUDE.md): 53 rules from reviewed Frontend topics. - [Frontend AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/frontend/AGENTS.md): 53 rules from reviewed Frontend topics. - [Frontend codewiki-frontend.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/frontend/codewiki-frontend.mdc): 53 rules from reviewed Frontend topics. - [Data science CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/datascience/CLAUDE.md): 27 rules from reviewed Data science topics. - [Data science AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/datascience/AGENTS.md): 27 rules from reviewed Data science topics. - [Data science codewiki-datascience.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/datascience/codewiki-datascience.mdc): 27 rules from reviewed Data science topics. - [DevOps and cloud CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/devops/CLAUDE.md): 17 rules from reviewed DevOps and cloud topics. - [DevOps and cloud AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/devops/AGENTS.md): 17 rules from reviewed DevOps and cloud topics. - [DevOps and cloud codewiki-devops.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/devops/codewiki-devops.mdc): 17 rules from reviewed DevOps and cloud topics. - [Game development CLAUDE.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/gamedev/CLAUDE.md): 30 rules from reviewed Game development topics. - [Game development AGENTS.md](https://codewiki.com/rules/gamedev/AGENTS.md): 30 rules from reviewed Game development topics. - [Game development codewiki-gamedev.mdc](https://codewiki.com/rules/gamedev/codewiki-gamedev.mdc): 30 rules from reviewed Game development topics. ## Context packs - [Python functions-deeper](https://codewiki.com/packs/python/functions-deeper.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Data and databases sql](https://codewiki.com/packs/data/sql.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [TypeScript generics-advanced](https://codewiki.com/packs/typescript/generics-advanced.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era working-with-agents](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/working-with-agents.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era judgement](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/judgement.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era tooling](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/tooling.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era reviewing-ai-code](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/reviewing-ai-code.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations algorithms](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/algorithms.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Java oop-generics](https://codewiki.com/packs/java/oop-generics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Security web-security](https://codewiki.com/packs/security/web-security.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Backend http-apis](https://codewiki.com/packs/backend/http-apis.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Architecture and system design principles](https://codewiki.com/packs/architecture/principles.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [PHP basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/php/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [JavaScript core](https://codewiki.com/packs/javascript/core.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations data-structures](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/data-structures.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [JavaScript functions-scope](https://codewiki.com/packs/javascript/functions-scope.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Python concurrency](https://codewiki.com/packs/python/concurrency.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C# types-linq](https://codewiki.com/packs/csharp/types-linq.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Swift basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/swift/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [TypeScript basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/typescript/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Rust ownership-borrowing](https://codewiki.com/packs/rust/ownership-borrowing.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C++ memory-ownership](https://codewiki.com/packs/cpp/memory-ownership.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C++ basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/cpp/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C# basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/csharp/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Architecture and system design distributed](https://codewiki.com/packs/architecture/distributed.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [AI and LLM engineering llm-basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai/llm-basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era prompting-for-code](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/prompting-for-code.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Kotlin basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/kotlin/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Rust basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/rust/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Go types-interfaces](https://codewiki.com/packs/go/types-interfaces.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Python basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/python/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Frontend html-css](https://codewiki.com/packs/frontend/html-css.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Frontend layout](https://codewiki.com/packs/frontend/layout.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Kotlin functions-classes](https://codewiki.com/packs/kotlin/functions-classes.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Java basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/java/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Data science python-stack](https://codewiki.com/packs/datascience/python-stack.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations text-numbers](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/text-numbers.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [TypeScript config-migration](https://codewiki.com/packs/typescript/config-migration.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Go basics](https://codewiki.com/packs/go/basics.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [DevOps and cloud containers](https://codewiki.com/packs/devops/containers.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations networking](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/networking.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [TypeScript type-system](https://codewiki.com/packs/typescript/type-system.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Coding in the AI era specs-and-tests](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai-era/specs-and-tests.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Swift optionals-protocols](https://codewiki.com/packs/swift/optionals-protocols.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations git-shell](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/git-shell.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Backend auth](https://codewiki.com/packs/backend/auth.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [AI and LLM engineering agents](https://codewiki.com/packs/ai/agents.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [CS foundations operating-systems](https://codewiki.com/packs/foundations/operating-systems.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [PHP oop](https://codewiki.com/packs/php/oop.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Game development unity](https://codewiki.com/packs/gamedev/unity.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C++ modern-cpp](https://codewiki.com/packs/cpp/modern-cpp.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Rust concurrency-async](https://codewiki.com/packs/rust/concurrency-async.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [Python objects](https://codewiki.com/packs/python/objects.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [C# tooling](https://codewiki.com/packs/csharp/tooling.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. - [JavaScript async](https://codewiki.com/packs/javascript/async.md): Reviewed topic Markdown for one track section. ## Optional - [About CodeWiki](https://codewiki.com/about/): How the reference is built, verified, localized, and kept private. - [Glossary](https://codewiki.com/api/glossary.json): 814 terms, defined in English and Chinese, as JSON. - [Learning paths](https://codewiki.com/api/paths.json): 6 ordered paths, milestones included, as JSON. - [Full text](https://codewiki.com/llms-full.txt): every article above concatenated into one file.